Types of hydrometeorological forecasts and warning in Vietnam

Types of hydrometeorological forecasts and warning in Vietnam (Internet image)

1. What are hydrometeorological forecasts and warnings?

- Hydrometeorological forecasts mean the provision of information and data about conditions, developments and phenomena of hydrometeorology in the future at a certain area in a specified period of time.

- Hydrometeorological warnings mean the provision of information and data about possible hydrometeorological hazards that may affect or cause damage to people, properties and environment.

(Clause 7, 8 Article 3 of the Law on Hydrometeorology 2015)

2. Types of hydrometeorological forecasts and warnings in Vietnam

Types of hydro-meteorological forecasts and warnings in Vietnam include:

(1) Type of weather forecast and warning message

- Extremely short-term weather forecasts and warnings: minimum forecast and warning content with information on the intensity or value of detailed meteorological factors for each period from 30 minutes to 03 hours at a specific place or area and its potential impact on the environment, living conditions, infrastructure, and socio-economic activities.

- Short-term weather forecast and warning bulletins: the minimum forecast and warning content contains information on weather trends during the forecast period, weather phenomena (clouds, sunshine, rain), and the number of factors (precipitation, probability of rain, air temperature, air humidity, wind direction, and wind speed) in detail at intervals from 06 hours to 24 hours at a place or area on land, and the possibility of the occurrence of dangerous weather phenomena, the possibility of impact on the environment, living conditions, infrastructure, and socio-economic activities.

- Medium-term weather forecasts and warnings: the minimum content of the forecast and warning must have information on weather trends and total rainfall during the forecast period, phenomena, probability of rain, and detailed air temperature values according to each period of 01 day at a specific place or area, as well as the possibility of the occurrence of dangerous weather phenomena, their ability to affect the environment, living conditions, infrastructure, and socio-economic activities.

(2) Type of climate forecast bulletin

- Long-term climate forecast bulletin: the minimum forecast and warning content has information on the trend of average air temperature, total rainfall compared to the average value of many years during the forecast period, the average air temperature value, and the detailed total rainfall for each period from 10 days to 15 days at a specific location or area, as well as the possibility of the occurrence of dangerous weather phenomena, the possibility of their impact on the environment, living conditions, infrastructure, and socio-economic activities.

- Seasonal climate forecast bulletin: the minimum forecast and warning content has information on the trend of average air temperature, total rainfall compared to the detailed average value of many years for each period from 01 month to 03 months in a particular place or area, and the possibility of the occurrence of dangerous weather phenomena, their ability to affect the environment, living conditions, infrastructure, and socio-economic activities.

- Year-term climate forecast bulletin: forecast and warning content: at least there is information on the trend of average air temperature, detailed total rainfall for each period from 3 to 6 months, and climate extremes, including extreme climate events on a global, regional, and Vietnam scale.

(3) Type of hydrological forecast and warning message

- Extremely short-term hydrological forecast and warning message: the minimum forecast and warning content has information on the level or value of water level, water flow (if any) in detail for each period from 30 minutes to 03 hours at a specific location or river basin and its potential impact on the environment, living conditions, infrastructure, and socio-economic activities.

- Short-term hydrological forecast and warning bulletins: the minimum forecast and warning content contains information on hydrological trends during the forecast period, water level values and water flow (if any) in detail for each period from 06 hours to 24 hours at the forecast location on a specific river basin (particularly for forecast locations in river sections affected by tides, forecast the highest and lowest values during the forecast period), and the possibility of the occurrence of dangerous hydrological phenomena, the possibility of impact on the environment, living conditions, infrastructure, and socio-economic activities.

- Medium-term hydrological forecasts and warnings: The minimum forecast and warning content has information on the trend and the average, maximum, and minimum characteristic values of water level and water flow (if any) in detail for each period from 02 days to 05 days for a specific forecast location or river basin, as well as the possibility of the occurrence of dangerous hydrological phenomena, their ability to affect the environment, living conditions, infrastructure, socio-economic activities.

- Long-term hydrological forecast and warning bulletins: the minimum forecast and warning content contains information about the trend of water level change and water flow (if any) compared to the average value of many years. During the forecast period, the average, maximum, and minimum characteristic values of water level and water flow (if any) are described in detail over a period of 10 to 15 days for the specific forecast location or river basin, along with the likelihood of hazardous hydrological events, their ability to affect the environment, living conditions, infrastructure, and socio-economic activities.

- Weather forecast and hydrological warning bulletins: the minimum content of forecast and warning contains information on the trend of water level change, water flow (if any) compared to the detailed multi-year average value for each period from 01 month to 03 months at the forecast location or specific river basin and the possibility of occurrence of dangerous hydrological phenomena, ability to affect the environment, living conditions, infrastructure, socio-economic activities.

(4) Type of water source forecast message

- Short-term water source forecast bulletin: the minimum forecast and warning content has information on the trend of total rainfall, total surface water volume, shortage of water sources during the forecast period, total rainfall, and total surface water in details from 01 day to 03 day, and natural disasters related to water shortages.

- Medium-term water source forecast bulletin: The minimum forecast content contains information about the trend of total rainfall, total amount of surface water, shortage of water sources during the forecast period, total rainfall and total amount of surface water in detail for each period from 07 days to 15 days, natural disasters related to water shortage.

- Long-term water source forecast bulletin: The minimum forecast content contains information about the trend of total rainfall, total amount of surface water, shortage of water sources during the forecast period, total rainfall and total amount of surface water in detail for each period from 15 days to 1 month, and natural disasters related to water shortage.

- The bulletin for forecasting water sources with season terms: The minimum forecast content contains information about the trend of total rainfall, total amount of surface water, shortage of water sources during the forecast period, the value of total rainfall and total amount of surface water compared to the average value of many years in detail for each period from 01 month to 03 month, and natural disasters related to water shortage.

- Year-term water source forecast bulletin: the minimum forecast content contains information about the trend of total rainfall, total amount of surface water, shortage of water sources, value of total rainfall, and total amount of surface water compared with the multi-year average value during the forecast period; Natural disasters are related to water shortages.

(5) Type of marine forecast and warning message

- Extremely short-term forecast and warning bulletins: the minimum forecast and warning content has information on the level or value of detailed hydrographic elements for each period from 30 minutes to 03 hours at a specific place or area and its potential impact on the environment, living conditions, infrastructure, and socio-economic activities.

- Short-term marine forecast and warning bulletins: the minimum forecast and warning content must contain information on trends in oceanographic developments within the forecast period, weather phenomena at sea (rain), value of characteristic factors (foresight, wind direction and speed, sea surface state, high water height and time, low water, wave height and direction, sea current velocity and direction in surface water) detailed in each period from 12 hours to 24 hours in forecasted waters or sea areas, specific coastal areas, and the possibility of occurrence of other dangerous hydrographic phenomena, ability to affect the environment, living conditions, infrastructure, and socio-economic activities.

- Medium-term forecast and warning bulletins: the content of the forecast and warning must have at least information on the trend of tidal changes during the forecast period, the value and time of occurrence of high water levels and low water levels, and the value of sea waves. detailed in each period from 01 day to 03 days in a specific sea area and the possibility of the occurrence of other dangerous marine phenomena, their ability to affect the environment, living conditions, infrastructure, and socio-economic activities.

- Long-term marine forecast and warning bulletins: the content of the forecast and warning must have at least information on the trend of tide changes during the forecast period, the value and time of occurrence of high water levels and low water levels, and the value of sea waves. detailed in each period from 10 days to 15 days in specific sea areas and the possibility of the occurrence of other dangerous marine phenomena,ability to affect the environment, living conditions, infrastructure, and socio-economic activities.

- Seasonal weather forecast and warning bulletins: the minimum forecast and warning content contains information on the trend of tidal changes in detail for each period from 01 month to 03 months in a specific sea area and the possibility of the occurrence of other dangerous marine phenomena, their ability to affect the environment, living conditions, infrastructure, and socio-economic activities.

(6) Other types of hydro-meteorological forecasts and warnings

- Hydrometeorological forecast bulletin for agriculture:

+ A short-term hydro-meteorological forecast bulletin for agriculture: The minimum forecast and warning content contains information on the values of the elements (air temperature, air humidity, soil moisture, rainfall, and hydrological regime) for each period of 01 day at a location or area and the ability to influence the growth, development, or agrotechnical measures of the main agricultural objects;

+ A medium-term hydrometeorological forecast bulletin for agriculture: The minimum forecast and warning content contains information on the values of the elements (air temperature, air humidity, soil moisture, precipitation, and hydrological regime) in detail for each period from 02 days to 05 days at a location or area and the ability to influence the growth, development, or agrotechnical measures of the main agricultural objects;

+ A long-term hydrometeorological forecast bulletin for agriculture: The minimum forecast and warning content contains information on the values of the elements (air temperature, soil moisture, total precipitation, hydrological regime) detailed by time period from 10 days to 15 days at a location or area and the ability to influence the growth, development, or agrotechnical measures of the main agricultural objects;

+ Bulletin of hydro-meteorological forecast for agriculture season term: The minimum forecast and warning content contains information on the values of the factors (air temperature, total rainfall, and hydrological regime) in detail for each period from 01 month to 03 months at a site or area and their ability to influence the growth, development, or agrotechnical practices of major agricultural objects.

- Short-term cold air bulletin: The content of the forecast, the minimum warning, has information about the time of impact, the lowest temperature, strong wind, gusty wind in a specific area on land, and strong wind, gusty wind, big wave in a specific sea area (if any) during the forecast period, the possibility of occurrence of severe cold, frost, sleet, thunderstorm, lightning, storm, whirlwind, hail, accompanying heavy rain, and the possibility of impact on the environment, living conditions, infrastructure, and socio-economic activities.

- General hydro-meteorological forecast bulletin: forecast and warning contents are combined with part or all of the content of different types of weather, climate, hydrology, water resources, and hydrographic forecasts and warnings prescribed in Articles 10, 11, Article 12, Article 13, and Article 14 of Circular 08/2022/TT-BTNMT.

(7) Type of thematic forecast bulletin according to the user's request

- Thematic forecast bulletins at the request of competent state agencies, agencies performing incident and disaster response activities and search and rescue, ensuring national defense and security , serving the operation of inter-reservoir operating procedures, and the organization of major national holidays: forecast and warning content must be fully informed and meet usage requirements.

- Thematic forecast bulletins at the request of users are different from those specified in Clause 1 of this Article: forecasts and warnings are made on the basis of orders or agreements between users and agencies. Organizations and individuals shall issue bulletins on forecasts and warnings in accordance with the Law on Hydrometeorology and other relevant laws.

(8) Types of hydro-meteorological forecasts and warning bulletins according to international treaties to which the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a signatory

The contents of hydro-meteorological forecasts and warnings shall comply with international treaties to which the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a signatory.

(Articles 10 to 17 of Circular 08/2022/TT-BTNMT)

Diem My

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