What are the oppressed classes in Vietnam under the Colonial Policies of the French Empire?

What are the oppressed classes in Vietnam under the Colonial Policies of the French Empire?

During the colonial period of the French Empire, Vietnamese society was heavily oppressed and exploited, and the oppressed classes in Vietnam included:

- Workers: Newly emerged laborers in factories and workshops built by the French colonists had to work under harsh conditions with low wages and no basic rights. They were constantly under pressure from strict labor regulations and were exploited to generate profits for the colonists.

- Peasants: Making up the majority of the population, peasants bore the burden of taxes, fees, and various forms of exploitation. They were forced to relinquish most of their agricultural products to colonial policies, leading to poverty, hunger, and difficult living conditions.

- Petite bourgeoisie: This group comprised small businesses, small traders, and traditional crafts. Under the pressure of colonial capitalism, their business space was increasingly narrowed, and they faced many competitive challenges, resulting in economic instability.

- National bourgeoisie: This class of entrepreneurs started and developed economic activities to modernize the country but were met with oppression and unfair competition from the imperialists. They faced many barriers to business development due to the unequal distribution policies of the colonists.

- Medium and small landlords: Although owning land and having a part of traditional economic power, medium and small landlords were not exempt from exploitation. Their land was often undervalued and tightly controlled by the empire's land policies, reducing their economic development potential.

The oppressed classes in Vietnam endured oppression from colonial policies, contributing to deep social conflicts and becoming a driving force for the national independence movements of the Vietnamese people.

The above is a reference content of the oppressed classes in Vietnam under the colonial policies of the French Empire.

What are the oppressed classes in Vietnam under the Colonial Policies of the French Empire? (Image from the Internet)

What are the standardized educational qualifications of 12th-grade History teachers in Vietnam?

According to Article 72 of the Education Law 2019, the standardized educational qualifications of teachers in Vietnam are:

Standardized educational qualifications of teachers

1. Standardized educational qualifications of teachers are regulated as follows:

a) Teachers of preschool education teachers must possess at least a pedagogical college diploma;

b) Teachers of primary education, lower secondary education and upper secondary education must possess at least a bachelor’s degree in pedagogy training.

In case a subject is yet to acquire enough teachers with bachelor’s degree in pedagogy training, teachers of this subject must possess a bachelor's degree of suitable specialization and a certificate of pedagogy training;

c) Lecturers of higher education must possess a master’s degree; lecturers teaching or instructing master or doctor’s theses must possess a doctoral degree.

b) Standardized educational qualifications of teachers working in institutions of vocational education shall follow regulations in the Law on Vocational education.

2. The Government shall specify road maps for improving standardized educational qualifications of teachers of preschool education, primary education and lower secondary education as prescribed in point a and point b of clause 1 of this Article. Within the scope of their duties and authorities, the Minister of Education and Training and Minister of Labour - War Invalids and Social Affairs shall stipulate employment of teachers not meeting criteria prescribed in clause 1 of this Article.

Thus, 12th-grade History teachers in Vietnam must possess at least a bachelor’s degree in pedagogy training. If a subject is yet to acquire enough teachers with a bachelor’s degree in pedagogy training, teachers of this subject must possess a bachelor's degree of suitable specialization and a certificate of pedagogy training.

How many lessons does the 12th-grade History curriculum have?

According to the general education program for History issued along with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the time allocated for each grade is 105 lessons per academic year, taught over 35 weeks. Out of this, the time allocated for core content topics is 70 lessons. The estimated percentage of time for each content circuit is as follows:

The time allocated for study topics is 35 lessons. The estimated number of lessons per study topic (including assessment and evaluation) is as follows: