The Latest Concept of Corruption

1. What is Corruption?

Clause 1, Article 3 of the Anti-Corruption Law 2018 stipulates:

Corruption is the act of an individual in a position of power who has abused that position or power for personal gain.

2. Who are the individuals in positions of power involved in corruption?

Clause 2 of this Article also stipulates:

Individuals in positions of power are those appointed, elected, recruited, contracted, or by other forms, whether salaried or unsalaried, who are assigned specific tasks, duties, and certain powers while performing those tasks and duties, including:

a) Officials and public employees;

b) Officers, professional soldiers, workers, and defense public employees in agencies and units under the People's Army; officers, professional-technical non-commissioned officers and officers, public security workers in agencies and units under the People's Public Security;

c) Representatives of state capital in enterprises;

d) Individuals holding managerial titles and positions in enterprises and organizations;

e) Other individuals assigned to perform tasks and duties with certain powers while performing those tasks and duties.

3. What is Personal Gain?

Clause 7, Article 3 of this Article stipulates: Personal gain refers to the act of an individual in a position of power who has abused that position or power to achieve undue material or non-material benefits.

4. Latest Corrupt Acts

- Corrupt acts in the public sector committed by individuals in positions of power in state agencies, organizations, and units include:

+ Embezzlement of assets;+ Bribery;+ Abuse of position or power to appropriate assets;+ Exploiting position or power while performing tasks and duties for personal gain;+ Overstepping authority while performing tasks and duties for personal gain;+ Exploiting position or power to influence others for personal gain;+ Falsification in work for personal gain;+ Bribery or bribery mediation to resolve work of agencies, organizations, units, or localities for personal gain;+ Exploiting position or power to illegally use public assets for personal gain;+ Harassment for personal gain;+ Failure to perform, improper or incomplete performance of tasks and duties for personal gain;+ Exploiting position or power to shield individuals who violate the law for personal gain; obstructing or illegally intervening in supervision, inspection, audit, investigation, prosecution, adjudication, and judgment enforcement for personal gain.

- Corrupt acts in the private sector committed by individuals in positions of power in enterprises and organizations outside the public sector include:

+ Embezzlement of assets;+ Bribery;+ Bribery or bribery mediation to resolve work of their enterprises or organizations for personal gain.

Sincerely!