Only Evidence Collected by the Court is Considered Valid in Civil Cases?

Based on Article 93 of the 2015 Civil Procedure Code, it is stipulated as follows:

Evidence in a civil case consists of actual items submitted or presented to the Court by the parties involved, agencies, organizations, or other individuals during the legal proceedings, or collected by the Court in accordance with the procedures specified in this Code. This evidence is used by the Court as a basis to ascertain the objective details of the case and to determine whether the claims or objections of the parties involved are grounded and lawful.

Thus, not only the Court but also the items submitted or presented to the Court by the parties involved, agencies, organizations, or other individuals during the legal proceedings in a civil case are considered evidence.

Respectfully,