What Information Should Be Provided and Advised to Consumers Purchasing Laxatives at a Retail Pharmacy?
Based on Subsection 5.1, Section 5, Chapter III, Handbook for Practice at Retail Pharmacies (Issued with Decision 696/QD-QLD in 2021) regarding the provision of information and counseling for constipation medication buyers at retail pharmacies as follows:
(1) How to use the medication
After selecting a medication, the buyer must be guided on how to use it, the exact dosage, and precautions when using it:
Bulk-forming laxatives/fiber supplements: Ensure adequate fluid intake; gradually increase fiber to reduce side effects such as bloating or gas.
Stimulant laxatives: Preferably used for short periods; usually taken at night to facilitate bowel movement the next morning; increased risk of incontinence in the elderly.
Osmotic laxatives: Mix with plenty of water to enhance osmotic effect; works faster when taken on an empty stomach.
Stool softeners: Ingest with plenty of water/fluids in combination with other substances; avoid using liquid paraffin before bedtime due to risk of aspiration.
(2) Side effects
Patients need to be aware of the most important and common side effects of the chosen therapy:
Bulk-forming laxatives/fiber supplements: Bloating, abdominal distension, and abdominal discomfort are common.
Stimulant laxatives: Diarrhea, fluid and electrolyte imbalances (with prolonged use or overdose), abdominal discomfort, cramps, and nausea occur infrequently.
Osmotic laxatives: Cause fluid and electrolyte imbalances when used long-term or in overdose; cause abdominal discomfort, cramps, nausea, diarrhea, and rectal irritation.
Stool softeners: Abdominal cramps, diarrhea, nausea, and rectal irritation.
(3) Treatment monitoring
If constipation is not due to medication use or chronic illness, laxatives should be used for a short period until dietary and lifestyle changes become effective.
Parents of children with constipation may be advised to maintain the most effective laxative dose until regular bowel movements are established, then gradually reduce the dose over the following months.
Consult a doctor if the measures being taken do not alleviate constipation within the expected timeframe or if the patient experiences symptoms requiring referral.
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