What are regulations on problem of forecasting earthquakes in Vietnam?

What are regulations on problem of forecasting earthquakes in Vietnam?

In Subsection 1, Section II of the National Plan to Respond to Earthquake and Tsunami Disasters attached to Decision 645/QD-TTg in 2022, there are regulations on earthquake forecasting as follows:

1. Earthquake

On the territory and continental shelf of Vietnam, there are active fault systems and are called by the names of large rivers such as Red River, Chay River, Ma River, Da River, and Ca River. The most notable of which are the fault systems running in the Northwest - Southeast direction in the Northern territory and the 109° Meridian fault system running along the Central and South Central coasts,.... These faults create 45 earthquake source areas, including 09 tsunami source areas in the East Sea region.

The level of natural disaster risk due to earthquakes in different areas is determined according to the maximum earthquake scenario, specifically as follows:

- Northwest region: Earthquake scenario with magnitude M = 7.2 occurring on the Son La fault at coordinates (Longitude 103.44, Latitude 21.64) causing natural disaster risk level 4-5 in some Dien Bien and Son La province areas; Level 3-4 in some areas of Lai Chau, Yen Bai, Lao Cai provinces and levels 1-3 in Tuyen Quang, Ha Giang and Phu Tho provinces;

- Northeast region: Earthquake scenario with magnitude M = 5.5 occurring on the Cao Bang - Tien Yen fault at coordinates (Longitude 106.54, Latitude 22.16) causing natural disaster risk level 4-5 in some areas of Lang Son province, level 3 in some areas of Cao Bang and Bac Kan provinces and level 1 in some areas of Thai Nguyen and Bac Giang provinces;

- Hong River Delta area: Earthquake scenario with magnitude M = 6.3 occurring on the Chay River fault at coordinates (Longitude 106.07, Latitude 20.65) causing natural disaster risk level 4-5 in the areas of Ha Nam, Nam Dinh, Hung Yen, Thai Binh and Hanoi provinces. Level 1-2 in the provinces of Bac Ninh, Ninh Binh, Hai Duong, Hai Phong and Vinh Phuc;

- North Central region: Earthquake scenario with magnitude M = 6.5 occurring on the Ca River fault at coordinates (Longitude 105.583, Latitude 18.906, in Dien Chau district, Nghe An) causes a high level of risk. Natural disaster risk level 4-5 in Nghe An province, level 3-4 in Ha Tinh province; Levels 1-3 in Thanh Hoa province and level 1 in Quang Binh, Quang Tri and Thua Thien Hue provinces;

- South Central region and Central Highlands: Earthquake scenario with magnitude M = 5.8 occurring on the Ba To-Cung Son fault at coordinates (Longitude 108.74, Latitude 13.99) causes a high level of natural disaster risk level 4-5 in some areas of Binh Dinh and Gia Lai provinces (epicenter area) and level 1 for neighboring areas;

Southern region: Maximum earthquake scenario M = 5.0 occurs on the Hau River fault at coordinates (Longitude 105.81, Latitude 10.04) causing natural disaster risk level 4 in some areas of Vinh province Long and Can Tho (epicenter area); level 1-2 in neighboring areas of Vinh Long, Can Tho, Hau Giang, Tra Vinh and surrounding areas.

What are regulations on problem of tsunami forecasting in Vietnam?

In Subsection 2, Section II of the National Plan to Respond to Earthquake and Tsunami Disasters attached to Decision 645/QD-TTg in 2022, there are regulations on tsunami forecasting as follows:

2. Tsunami

In the East Sea and neighboring areas, there are 09 tsunami source areas that can potentially affect Vietnam, including: 109° Longitude fault source area, North East Sea, Pala oan-Borneo, Manila Deep Sea Trough/ Philippines, Taiwan Sea, Sulu Sea/Philippines, Selebes Sea/Philippines, North Ban Da Sea and South Ban Da Sea/Indonesia. The tsunami danger for Vietnam's coastal areas is assessed through the maximum wave height caused by the tsunami and the time it takes for the tsunami to spread from the source to the coast. Among the tsunami source areas in the East Sea and neighboring areas, the Manila/Philippine Deep Sea Trough source area is considered the most dangerous source area for Vietnam. When an earthquake with a maximum magnitude of up to M = 9.3 occurs in this area, the level of tsunami danger affecting the entire coastal strip of Vietnam is reflected in the form of tsunami natural disaster risk level, specifically can be as follows:

- Level 4 natural disaster risk (corresponding to wave heights from 8 m to 16 m): Coastal areas of Thua Thien Hue province, Da Nang city, Quang Nam province, Quang Ngai province, Phu Yen province, Khanh Hoa and Binh Thuan province. The time it takes for a tsunami to spread and attack the shore ranges from 2.0 hours to 4.5 hours, it can reach 2-3 km deep inland;

- Level 3 natural disaster risk (corresponding to wave heights from 4 m to 8 m): Coastal areas of Hai Phong city, Nam Dinh province, Thanh Hoa province, Nghe An province, Ha Tinh province, Quang province Binh, Quang Tri province, Binh Dinh province, Ninh Thuan province, Ba Ria - Vung Tau province, Ben Tre province, Bac Lieu province and Ca Mau province. The time it takes for a tsunami to spread and attack the shore ranges from 3.0 hours to 9.0 hours and can reach hundreds of meters deep inland;

- Level 2 natural disaster risk (corresponding to wave heights from 2 m to 4 m): Quang Ninh province, Thai Binh province, Ho Chi Minh City, Tra Vinh province and Soc Trang province. The time it takes for a tsunami to propagate and attack the shore ranges from 8.2 hours to 14.9 hours, reaching hundreds of meters deep inland;

- Natural disaster risk level 1 (corresponding to wave height less than 2 m): Ninh Binh province and Kien Giang province. The time it takes for a tsunami to propagate and strike the shore is about 8 to 15 hours. Tsunami caused local flooding at some locations.

Best regards!