What are conditions for evidences in civil proceedings to be considered lawful in Vietnam?

1. What are conditions for evidences in civil proceedings to be considered lawful in Vietnam?

Pursuant to Article 93 of the 2015 Civil Procedure Code provides for evidences as follows:

Evidences in civil cases are factual things which are handed to Courts by involved parties, agencies, organizations or individuals or gathered by Courts according to the order and procedures prescribed by this Code and are used by Courts as bases to determine objective details of the cases as well as to determine whether the involved parties' claims or protests are well grounded and lawful or not.

Thus, according to the above provisions, evidence in civil proceedings must be factual things, handed or gathered according to the prescribed order and procedures in Vietnam.

2. What are sources of evidence in civil proceedings in Vietnam? 

Pursuant to Article 94 of the 2015 Civil Procedure Code, sources of evidence are collected from the following sources:

Evidences are gathered from the following sources:

1. Readable, audible or visible materials, electronic data;

2. Exhibits;

3. Involved parties' testimonies;

4. Witnesses' testimonies;

5. Expertising conclusions;

6. On-site appraisal minutes;

7. Property evaluation and price appraisal results;

8. Written records of legal facts or acts that are formulated by functional persons;

9. Notarized/authenticated documents;

10. Other sources prescribed by law.

According to this Article, evidence in civil proceedings will be collected from sources as prescribed above in Vietnam.

Best Regards!