Fraudulent Signature on Blank Paper: Is the Subsequently Added Content Legally Valid?

Based on Article 127 of the 2015 Civil Code which stipulates about invalid civil transactions due to deception as follows:

When a party to a civil transaction is deceived, threatened, or coerced, they have the right to request the Court to declare that civil transaction invalid.

Deception in a civil transaction is the deliberate act of one party or a third party aimed at causing the other party to misinterpret the subject, nature of the object, or the content of the civil transaction, thus establishing that transaction.

Therefore, when you sign a blank paper without knowing what the content on that paper represents, you may request the Court to declare this civil transaction invalid. However, to request the Court to declare a civil transaction invalid, you must provide evidence proving that you were deceived during the transaction signing process!

Respectfully!