What Constitutes an Act of Piracy?

Based on Article 101 of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the following provisions are stipulated:

One of the following acts constitutes an act of piracy:

a) Any illegal acts of violence, detention, or any depredation committed for private ends by the crew or the passengers of a private ship or a private aircraft, and directed:

i. On the high seas, against another ship or aircraft, or against persons or property on board such ship or aircraft;

ii. Against a ship, aircraft, persons, or property in a place outside the jurisdiction of any State;

b) Any act of voluntary participation in the operation of a ship or of an aircraft with knowledge of facts making it a pirate ship or aircraft;

c) Any act of inciting or intentionally facilitating an act described in subparagraph (a) or (b).

Respectfully!