Which road did the French colonists call the Blood Road? In which cases shall grade 12 students in Vietnam be exempt from all exams in the high school graduation exam?

Which road did the French colonists call the Blood Road?

We need to look back at the Việt Bắc Autumn - Winter Campaign of 1947. During this period, the French colonists referred to Route 4 (now National Highway 4A, passing through the provinces of Cao Bang and Lang Son) as "the Blood Road." This name emerged from the heavy losses the French army suffered on this strategic route, under the effective attack organization by the Vietnamese troops and people.

The strategic importance of Route 4: Route 4 acted as a vital artery, connecting the crucial positions of the French forces in the Vietnam-China border region. It was the road for transporting food, weapons, and soldiers, ensuring logistics for the French campaigns. However, due to its treacherous geographical position, passing through mountainous areas with complex terrain, Route 4 became an ideal place for our troops to conduct ambushes and attacks on the enemy.

Major victories on Route 4: During the campaign, independent companies and local militia guerrillas in Cao Bang and Lang Son organized numerous outstanding ambush battles, particularly:

- At Dong Khe and That Khe: Our troops continuously attacked and destroyed enemy convoys, causing significant human and material losses.

- At Bong Lau: A remarkable ambush destroyed 33 motor vehicles, killed nearly 300 French soldiers, and captured many important weapons and military supplies.

Impact on the French Forces: The losses on Route 4 prevented the French from maintaining a supply line, leading to division and weakening of their forces. The large French contingents advancing deep into Viet Bac were isolated, unable to support each other, and were forced to withdraw on December 19, 1947, ending the campaign in total defeat.

Significance of "the Blood Road": The designation "the Blood Road" not only reflects the intense brutality the French experienced on this route but also serves as evidence of the wise tactics employed by the Vietnamese army and militia. By combining guerrilla warfare and maneuver warfare, our troops transformed a strategic traffic route of the enemy into an advantage for themselves.

The victory on Route 4 specifically and the Viet Bac campaign in general against the French colonists was a severe military and political defeat for them, marking the irremediable collapse of the "quick attack, quick victory" strategy. This campaign also helped our army gain valuable experience in organization and command, laying the foundation for future major victories. It can be said that Route 4 was not only a "Blood Road" for the French colonists but also a symbol of victory for the Vietnamese nation in the resistance against foreign invaders.

Note: The content is for reference purposes only.

Which road did the French colonists call the Blood Road? In which cases shall grade 12 students in Vietnam be exempt from all exams in the high school graduation exam?​ (Image from the Internet)

In which cases shall grade 12 students in Vietnam be exempt from all exams in the high school graduation exam?

According to Article 36 of the regulation on high school graduation exams promulgated with Circular 15/2020/TT-BGDDT, grade 12 students are exempt from all exams of the high school graduation exam in the following cases:

(1) Individuals summoned to join the national team selection exam for international or regional cultural Olympiads are exempt if they meet the following conditions:

- Summoned in the second semester of grade 12;

- Overall conduct in the grade 12 is rated as good, and academic performance is rated as quite good or higher;

- Listed in the Ministry of Education and Training's exemption list.

(2) Members of teams participating in international or regional science-technology, cultural-art Olympiads are exempt if they meet the following conditions:

- Summoned in the second semester of grade 12;

- Overall conduct and academic performance in the grade 12 are rated as average or higher;

- Listed in the exemption proposal and confirmation of training and competition participation by the selection agency submitted to the Department of Education and Training before the high school graduation exam date.

(3) Individuals with severe disabilities and those with disabilities under Section 1, 2 of Article 3 of Decree 28/2012/ND-CP; individuals affected by chemical warfare with reduced work capacity of 61% or more; biological children of affected individuals with similar conditions must meet the following:

- For those with disabilities following the general education program: Completion of high school education; eligible for exams as stipulated in Section 2, Article 12 of the regulation on high school graduation exams promulgated with Circular 15/2020/TT-BGDDT; disability certification issued by competent agencies;

- For those with disabilities not following the general education program: The Principal of the high school where enrolled confirms the results of the individualized education plan each year at the high school level; disability certification issued by competent agencies;

- For those affected by chemical warfare, and their biological children: Completion of high school education; exam eligibility as stipulated in Section 2, Article 12 of the regulation on high school graduation exams promulgated with Circular 15/2020/TT-BGDDT; certification of chemical impact and reduced work capacity of 61% or more issued by competent agencies.

Is it possible for grade 12 students with poor academic performance to participate in the high school graduation exam in Vietnam?

Pursuant to Section 2, Article 12 of the regulation on high school graduation exams promulgated with Circular 15/2020/TT-BGDDT (amended by Section 4, Article 1 of Circular 05/2021/TT-BGDDT), the conditions for high school graduation exam participation are as follows:

Subjects, conditions for exam participation

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2. Conditions for participation:

a) Subjects specified in point a, clause 1 of this article must be evaluated in class 12 with a conduct rating of at least average and academic performance not rated poor; specific exemptions apply to learners not subject to conduct evaluation and learners in guided self-study programs as per the GDTX program, in which conduct evaluation is not required;

b) Subjects specified in point b, clause 1 must have a middle school graduation certificate and must be evaluated in class 12 with a conduct rating of at least average, academic performance not rated poor; those previously ineligible for exams due to poor academic ratings in class 12, must register and participate in the final year's tests for certain subjects with an average score below 5.0 at the high school of class 12 or at the registered high school, ensuring test scores replace subject average scores to re-calculate the yearly average to meet academic evaluation eligibility as per regulations; those previously ineligible due to conduct issues in class 12 must be certified by the local commune's People's Committee for compliance with local policies and laws to obtain evaluation eligibility from the high school attended.

Thus, grade 12 students who meet the conditions for high school graduation exams must ensure a conduct rating of at least average and academic performance not rated poor, except in the following cases:

- Subjects exempt from conduct evaluation and learners following guided self-study under the GDTX program, in which conduct evaluation is not required.

- Those previously ineligible due to poor academic ratings in class 12, students must register and attend the year-end exams for certain subjects with an average score below 5.0 and have their test scores replace subject averages to recalculate the yearly average to ensure eligibility for academic evaluation according to regulations.