What is the law on light reflection? What are details of the law on light reflection?

What is the law on light reflection? What are details of the law on light reflection?

The law of reflection of light is an important law in physics, describing how light is reflected when it encounters a smooth surface. This law helps us understand and apply light in many areas of life and science.

The law of reflection of light describes how light interacts with a smooth, shiny surface, such as a mirror. When a ray of light strikes such a surface, it is reflected back; this phenomenon is known as the reflection of light.

*The statement of the law of reflection of light consists of two parts:

The reflected ray lies in the plane containing the incident ray and the normal to the mirror at the point of incidence.

Incident ray: The ray of light striking the reflective surface.

Reflected ray: The ray of light that is reflected back from the reflective surface.

Normal: The perpendicular line to the reflective surface at the point where the incident ray strikes (the point of incidence).

Plane of incidence: The plane formed by the incident ray and the normal.

Simply put, the incident ray, reflected ray, and the normal line all lie in the same plane.

The angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence.

Angle of incidence (i): The angle formed by the incident ray and the normal.

Angle of reflection (r): The angle formed by the reflected ray and the normal.

This law asserts that the angle between the reflected ray and the normal (angle of reflection) is always equal to the angle between the incident ray and the normal (angle of incidence). We have the formula: i = r

*Illustration:

[Imagine a simple diagram with the following components:]

A horizontal line representing the reflective surface (e.g., mirror).

A slanted ray of light striking the reflective surface at a point (incident ray).

A vertical line perpendicular to the reflective surface at the point of impact of the incident ray (normal).

A slanted ray of light going upward from the point of impact, forming an angle with the normal (reflected ray).

In this diagram, the angle between the incident ray and the normal is denoted as i (angle of incidence), and the angle between the reflected ray and the normal is denoted as r (angle of reflection). According to the law of reflection of light, i = r.

*Applications of the law of reflection of light:

The law of reflection of light is widely applied in various fields:

Manufacturing mirrors and optical devices: Flat mirrors, concave mirrors, convex mirrors, periscopes, microscopes, telescopes, etc., are all based on the principle of light reflection.

Designing lighting systems: Car headlights, stage lights, street lights, etc., use light reflection to focus and direct light.

Laser technology: Light reflection is used to create strong and precise laser beams.

Physics and optics: The law of reflection of light is one of the fundamental laws of optics, helping to explain many phenomena related to light.

*Note: Information is for reference only./.

What is the law on light reflection? What are details of the law on light reflection?​ (Image from the Internet)

What are the specific competencies for students when studying Physics in Vietnam?

Based on Section 4 of the General Education Program for Physics issued along with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the physics subject forms and develops in students the competence in physics, with the following specific competencies:

(1) Physics cognition

Understanding the core general knowledge and skills about: physical system models; energy and waves; forces and fields; recognizing some professions related to physics; specifically demonstrated as:

- Recognizing and describing objects, concepts, phenomena, laws, and physical processes.

- Presenting physical phenomena and processes; the characteristics and roles of physical phenomena and processes in various forms of expression: speaking, writing, measuring, calculating, drawing, diagramming, and charting.

- Finding keywords, using scientific terminology, connecting information logically, and outlining when reading and presenting scientific texts.

- Comparing, selecting, classifying, and analyzing physical phenomena and processes based on different criteria.

- Explaining the relationships between objects, phenomena, and processes.

- Detecting errors and correcting understanding or explanations; making critical judgments related to discussion topics.

- Identifying some careers suitable for one's inclinations.

(2) Exploring the natural world from a physical perspective

Investigating simple, familiar physical phenomena and processes in life and in the natural world according to processes; using scientific evidence to test predictions, explain evidence, and draw conclusions; specifically demonstrated as:

- Proposing physics-related issues: Recognizing and posing questions related to the issue; analyzing the context to propose problems by connecting existing knowledge and experience and using one's language to express the proposed issues.

- Making predictions and constructing hypotheses: Analyzing issues to state predictions; constructing and stating hypotheses needing exploration.

- Planning execution: Developing a logical framework for investigation; selecting appropriate methods (observation, experimentation, investigation, interview, literature search); planning for exploration.

- Executing the plan: Collecting and storing data from literature reviews, experiments, and investigations; evaluating results based on the analysis and processing of simple statistical parameters; comparing results with hypotheses; explaining and drawing conclusions, and making adjustments where necessary.

- Writing, presenting reports, and discussing: Using language, drawings, diagrams, and tables to express the process and results of exploration; writing reports after the exploration process; cooperating with partners with a positive attitude and respecting others' perspectives and evaluations to actively receive, explain, argue, and defend exploration results convincingly.

- Making decisions and proposing opinions and solutions: Deciding on handling explored issues; proposing recommendations to apply research results, or further study issues.

(3) Applying learned knowledge and skills

Applying learned knowledge and skills in some simple situations, initially using mathematics as a language and tool to solve problems; specifically demonstrated as:

- Explaining and proving a practical issue

- Evaluating and critiquing the impact of a practical issue.

- Designing models, planning, proposing, and implementing some new methods or measures.

- Proposing and implementing solutions to protect nature, adapt to climate change; having reasonable behaviors and attitudes for sustainable development.

In the physics curriculum, each component of the general as well as subject-specific competencies mentioned above is embedded in each topic, each content line of study, in the form of performance requirements, with varying levels.

What is the content stream of the new physics curriculum?

In Section 5 of the General Education Program for Physics issued along with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the content stream of the new physics curriculum in Vietnam is stipulated as follows: