What is the campaign in which President Ho Chi Minh encouraged officers and soldiers through the saying "You must fight more valiantly, endure more hardships, maintain determination in all circumstances/Các chú phải chiến đấu anh dũng hơn chịu đựng gian khổ hơn phải giữ vững quyết tâm trong mọi hoàn cảnh"?

What is the campaign in which President Ho Chi Minh encouraged officers and soldiers through the saying "You must fight more valiantly, endure more hardships, maintain determination in all circumstances/Các chú phải chiến đấu anh dũng hơn chịu đựng gian khổ hơn phải giữ vững quyết tâm trong mọi hoàn cảnh"?

The saying "You must fight more valiantly, endure more hardships, maintain determination in all circumstances/Các chú phải chiến đấu anh dũng hơn chịu đựng gian khổ hơn phải giữ vững quyết tâm trong mọi hoàn cảnh" is one of the most emotional and powerful statements made by President Ho Chi Minh. This statement was sent by Uncle Ho to the officers and soldiers during a very significant historical period of resistance against the French, specifically during the Dien Bien Phu Campaign.

Students can refer to the following information about the saying "You must fight more valiantly, endure more hardships, maintain determination in all circumstances/Các chú phải chiến đấu anh dũng hơn chịu đựng gian khổ hơn phải giữ vững quyết tâm trong mọi hoàn cảnh" of the President Ho Chi Minh to encourage the officers and soldiers in the campaign:

*Note: Information is for reference only./.

What are the features of History at the upper secondary level in Vietnam?

Under the General Education Program for History issued alongside Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the features of History at the upper secondary level in general are stipulated as follows:

- History is a subject belonging to the group of Social Sciences, selected based on career orientation at the upper secondary level.

- History aims to help students form and develop historical capabilities, a component of scientific capacity, while also contributing to the formation and development of the key traits and general abilities identified in the overall program.

- History plays a leading role in educating patriotism, national pride, historical traditions, and national culture. It helps students recognize and apply historical lessons to solve real-life problems, develop vision, and consolidate human values, community spirit, tolerance, and compassion; contributing to forming and developing the traits of Vietnamese citizens, and global citizens in the era's developmental trend.

- History forms and develops historical thinking, systematic thinking, critical thinking, skills in exploiting and using historical sources, recognizing, and presenting history logically across different times and spaces, and connecting the past with the present.

- History helps students recognize the scientific and practical value of history in modern social life, fostering an understanding and love for national and human history and culture; guiding students towards career choices such as social and humanities research, diplomacy, management, tourism activities, cultural industries, information, and communication, etc.

- The general education program for History systematizes and consolidates general historical knowledge at the basic education stage while helping students delve deeper into core historical knowledge through subjects and topics about world history, Southeast Asian history, and Vietnamese history. The teaching methods of History are implemented based on fundamental historical principles and modern educational methods.

What learning outcomes are required after learning History at the upper secondary level in Vietnam?

According to Section IV of the General Education Program for History promulgated together with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the learning outcomes required after learning History at the upper secondary level in Vietnam are as follows:

(1) Regarding key traits and general capacities

The History subject contributes to the formation and development of key traits and general capacities at levels appropriate to the subject and grade level as stipulated in the overall program.

(2) Regarding distinct competence

The History curriculum helps students develop historical competence based on basic and advanced knowledge of world, regional, and Vietnamese history through a system of themes and subjects on political, economic, social, cultural, and civilizational history. Historical competence comprises the components of: exploring history, recognizing and thinking historically, applying learned knowledge and skills.

The specific manifestations of historical competence include:

- Exploring history includes:

+ Identifying various types of historical documents; understanding the content, exploiting, and using historical documents in the learning process.

+ Recounting and presenting orally or in writing the sequence of events, figures, and historical processes from simple to complex; determining historical events in specific space and time.

- Recognizing and thinking historically:

+ Explaining the origins, dynamics of historical events from simple to complex; pointing out historical development processes diachronically and synchronically; comparing the similarities and differences between historical events, explaining causal relationships in historical progression.

+ Providing personal opinions and evaluations of events, figures, and historical processes based on historical understanding and thinking; understanding the continuation and changes of history; thinking in different directions when considering, evaluating, or seeking answers about a historical event, figure, or process.

- Applying learned knowledge and skills:

Drawing historical lessons and applying historical knowledge to explain real-world issues; based on this foundation, having the ability to explore historical problems, develop creative capacity, access and process information from various sources, have awareness and lifelong self-learning capability in history.