Vietnam: What are the symptoms of tonsillitis? What are the causes of suffering acute and chronic tonsillitis?
What is tonsillitis in Vietnam?
Pursuant to the provisions of the Guidelines issued together with Decision 5643/QD-BYT in 2015, tonsillitis is clearly stated as follows:
The tonsillitis is divided into two types: Acute tonsillitis and Chronic tonsillitis
Acute tonsillitis is a congestive inflammation and discharge of the female palatine tonsils, common in children of school age 5-15 years, caused by bacteria or viruses, often found in the early stages of many inflammatory diseases, so some people consider the tonsils as the "entrance" of some bacteria or viruses such as acute arthritis, polio, epidemic encephalitis, meningitis.
Chronic tonsillitis is a frequent, repeated inflammation of the palatine tonsils. Depending on the severity of inflammation and the body's response, tonsillitis may grow enlarged (overgrowth) common in children or young people, or tonsils may shrink (amyotrophic fibrositis).
What are the symptoms of tonsillitis in Vietnam?
Pursuant to the provisions of the Guidelines issued together with Decision 5643/QD-BYT in 2015, the symptoms of tonsillitis in Vietnam are clearly stated as follows:
Clinical symptoms
Acute tonsillitis
- Systemic: starts suddenly with a feeling of cold or chill followed by a fever of 38oC-39oC. People with fatigue, headache, loss of appetite, little and dark urine, and defecation often apples.
- Mechanical:
+ Feeling of dryness, burning, and heat in the throat, especially the side wall of the throat at the location of the tonsils, a few hours later turned into a sore throat, and sharp pain to the ears, the pain increases markedly when swallowing when coughing.
+ Accompanied by V.A., there is often rhinitis or in children with enlarged tonsils, so they often experience wheezing, loud snoring, and nasal voice.
+ Inflammation can spread to the larynx, trachea, causing intermittent cough, pain and mucous sputum, mild hoarseness.
- Entity:
+ White tongue, dry mouth, red throat mucosa.
+ The tonsils are swollen and red, sometimes close to each other in the midline. Sometimes two red swollen tonsils are seen and there are dots of white pus at the mouth of the cavities, gradually turning into a layer of pus covering the surface of the tonsils, not spreading to the pillars, not firmly adhering to the tonsils, easily to clean, not bleeding, revealing the red and intact tonsil mucosa: it is a form of purulent tonsillitis caused by bacteria (streptococcus, staphylococcus).
+ Lymphoid organization in the back wall of the pharynx is large and red: it is a form of erythematous tonsillitis usually caused by a virus.
Chronic tonsillitis
- Systemic:
+ Poor symptoms. Sometimes there are no symptoms other than recurrent episodes or recursions of inflammation with symptoms resembling acute tonsillitis.
+ Sometimes there is a thin and weak condition, blue skin, cold palpation, and ecstasy fever in the afternoon.
- Mechanical:
+ Often there is a feeling of swallowing entanglement in the throat, sometimes there is a painful feeling such as a foreign body in the throat, pain spreading to the ear.
+ Bad breath despite regular oral hygiene.
+ Sometimes there is coughing and hoarseness, and children have wheezing and loud snoring.
- Entity:
+ On the surface of the tonsils there are many slots and cavities. These slits and cavities are filled with bean residues and often have white pus.
+ Overgrowth: tonsils as large as two almonds on both sides of the pharyngeal wall encroach to narrow the pharyngeal cavity, red anterior pillar, common in children.
* Overgrown tonsil rating:
- A1 (A+) hyperactive tonsillitis: large, rounded tonsils, compact peduncles, the width of the tonsils is less than or equal to 1/4 of the distance between the legs of the two pillars in front of the tonsils.
- A2 (A++) hyperactive tonsillitis: large, rounded tonsils, compact peduncles, the width of the tonsils is less than or equal to 1/3 of the distance between the legs of the two pillars in front of the tonsils.
- A3 hyperactive tonsillitis (A+++): large, rounded tonsils, compact peduncles, the width of the tonsils is less than or equal to 1/2 of the distance between the legs of the two pillars in front of the tonsils.
+ Atrophic fibrosis: Common in adults, small tonsils, rough face, holes or white fibrous ligature showing repeated inflammation. The color is dark red, the front pillar is red, and the hind pillar is thick. The tonsils lose their normal softness, and pressing on the tonsils can be seen as foul pus in the cavities.
Subclinical symptoms
Acute tonsillitis
Bacterial inflammation, CBC with elevated leukocyte count above 10 G/l, polymorphonuclear neutrophils.
Chronic tonsillitis
Chronic tonsillitis can be a foci of inflammation that causes other systemic diseases, but sometimes asserting it in specific cases is difficult and delicate. People have proposed quite a few tests for definitive diagnosis:
- Viggo - Schmidt test: test the leukocyte formula before doing the test. Rubbing the surface of the tonsils with your fingers for 5 minutes, try the leukocyte formula again. If the tonsils are inflamed, you will see an increase in the number of leukocytes. Leukocytes gradually increase within 30 minutes, gradually decrease within 2 hours, then return to normal.
- Le Mée test: if the inflammatory tonsils have caused complications, after rubbing on the surface of the tonsils, the joint may be more painful, mild edema appears or in the urine there are red blood cells.
- Measure the rate of ASLO in the blood: normally 200 units, when streptococcal inflammation will increase from 500 - 1000 units.
What are the causes of suffering acute and chronic tonsillitis in Vietnam?
Pursuant to the provisions of the Guidelines issued together with Decision 5643/QD-BYT in 2015, the causes of suffering acute and chronic tonsillitis in Vietnam are clearly stated as follows:
The causative agents of tonsillitis are:
- Bacteria: group A hemolytic β streptococcus, S. pneu hemophilus, staphylococcus, streptococcus, spirochetes, aerobic and anaerobic strains;
- Viruses: influenza, measles, whooping cough...
There are many favorable causes of suffering tonsillitis:
- Sudden weather changes (sudden cold when raining, high humidity ...).
- Environmental pollution due to dust, gases, low living conditions, and poor sanitation.
- Poor resistance, allergic disposition.
- There are foci of inflammation in the throat and mouth: such as caries, gingivitis, V.A., and sinusitis, and due to the anatomical structure of the tonsils there are many interstitial crevices, cavities, and niches that are places of residence, hiding and growth of bacteria.
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