How to treat and diagnose monkeypox in Vietnam? How to prevent monkeypox effectively?
What basic tests are done to test for monkeypox in Vietnam?
Pursuant to subsection 2.3, Section 2 of the Guidelines issued under Decision 2099/QD-BYT in 2022, guidelines on basic tests for monkeypox are as follows:
"2. CLINICAL DISEASE
...
2.3. Subclinical
2.3.1. Basic tests
Blood tests, blood biochemistry changes non-specific: - The number of white blood cells in the blood may be normal or slightly increased; Lymphocyte count is usually reduced.
- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) are normal or slightly increased.
- Some cases may slightly increase ALT, AST, CK.
- In severe cases with manifestations of organ dysfunction, electrolyte disturbances and acid-base disorders, the following tests should be performed at the units that can be done:
+ Blood culture, blister fluid culture to find the bacterial cause in case of suspected complications of skin infection, sepsis...
+ Chest X-ray or chest computed tomography in case of complications of pneumonia, lung abscess...
+ Brain CT scan or brain MRI in case of suspected complications of encephalitis...
2.3.2. Root cause diagnostic test
Molecular biology test (PCR or equivalent) with oropharyngeal swabs (initiation stage), nodular fluid (full-blown stage) for suspected cases to determine the etiology according to regulations of the Ministry of Health. Ministry of Health.”
Thus, the current test for monkeypox in Vietnam will be performed on the basic test method, the diagnostic test for etiology according to the instructions above.
How to treat and diagnose monkeypox in Vietnam? How to prevent monkeypox effectively? (Image from the internet)
How is monkeypox in VIetnam diagnosed?
Pursuant to subsection 2.3, Section 2 of the Guidelines issued under Decision 2099/QD-BYT in 2022, the following contents are provided:
“2.4. Diagnose
2.4.1. Suspected case
- A case with one or more of the following epidemiological factors:
Within 21 days prior to symptom onset, contact with a confirmed or probable case, through direct physical contact with the skin or a skin lesion (including sexual contact) ), or come into contact with contaminated items such as the sick person's clothing, bedding, and personal belongings;
Have a history of travel to countries where monkeypox is endemic within the 21 days prior to symptom onset;
- There is a clinical suspicion of monkeypox.
2.4.2. Confirmed case
Has a positive molecular biology test result for monkeypox virus.
2.5. Differential diagnosis
Based on symptoms of fever, rash and lymphadenopathy, it is necessary to differentiate monkeypox from the following diseases: (Appendix 1)
- Smallpox (smallpox)
- Chickenpox (chicken pox)
- Herpes spreads
- Hand, foot and mouth."
How is monkeypox in Vietnam treated?
Pursuant to Section 3 of the Guidelines issued under Decision 2099/QD-BYT in 2022, there are guidelines for the treatment of monkeypox as follows:
“3. TREATMENT
3.1. The principles of treatment
- Carry out surveillance and isolation of suspected/confirmed cases;
- Treatment of symptoms is essential;
- Ensure nutrition, water-electrolyte balance and psychological support;
- Use specific treatment drugs in severe cases and special conditions (infants, elderly, immunocompromised people, ...) according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization and the regulations of the World Health Organization. of Vietnam.
- Monitor, detect and promptly handle serious conditions and complications of the disease.
3.2. Specific treatment
3.2.1. General treatment measures
- Isolation at medical facilities for suspected/confirmed cases according to the Ministry of Health's temporary guidance on surveillance and prevention and control of monkeypox.
- Personalize treatment for each patient.
3.2.2. Light body
Treat symptoms such as:
- Reduce fever, relieve pain.
- Care for skin damage, eyes, mouth.
- Ensure nutrition, electrolyte balance.
- It is necessary to monitor and detect early complications if any: pneumonia, skin infection, bacteremia, encephalitis... for treatment in the isolation room in the recovery department.
- Prevention and control of infection according to regulations
3.2.3. Heavy body
Need to be treated in an isolation room in the recovery room, treat complications (if any) according to the issued protocols
3.2.4. Specific treatment drugs
- Point
+ People with severe complications (bacteremia, pneumonia, encephalitis...).
+ People who are immunocompromised (HIV, cancer, being treated with immunosuppressive drugs or high-dose corticosteroids...).
Children, especially children under 8 years old.
Pregnant or lactating women.
People with advanced acute illness.
- Therapeutic drugs used according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (see Appendix 2)
+ Tecovirimat
+ Cidofovir
+ Brincidofovir
Intravenous immune globulin
Accordingly, the treatment of monkeypox is currently carried out according to the content of the instructions above.
How to prevent monkeypox in Vietnam effectively?
Pursuant to Section 5 of the Guidelines promulgated under Decision 2099/QD-BYT in 2022, the following guidelines are provided:
“5. PREVENTION
5.1. Non-specific disease prevention
General precautions to avoid contracting monkeypox include:
- Avoid contact with potentially sick people/animals (including sick or dead animals in areas where monkeypox occurs).
- Avoid contact with objects and surfaces at risk of monkeypox infection such as bed linen, clothes of sick people.
- Isolate and treat patients at medical facilities.
- Regularly wash hands with soap and common hand sanitizers after contact with suspected infected people/animals.
- Use personal protective equipment when caring for patients.
- Carry out an exposure risk assessment according to regulations to take appropriate action.
5.2. Vaccine-specific disease prevention
Use vaccine to prevent monkeypox for high-risk groups.
5.3. Infection prevention in treatment facilities Strictly implement isolation of suspected, possible and confirmed cases. Comply with infection control and infection prevention measures for medical staff, caregivers and other patients at treatment facilities under the guidance of the Ministry of Health.
Thus, each individual needs to take measures according to the above guidance to prevent monkeypox in Vietnam from developing the disease situation in the world.
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