What is a molecule? When do students in Vietnam learn about molecular according Chemistry curriculum?

What is a molecule? When do students in Vietnam learn about molecular according Chemistry curriculum? What is the general orientation of the teaching method for the subject of Natural Sciences according to the 2018 program in Vietnam?

What is a molecule?

A molecule is one of the contents that students will learn in the Chemistry curriculum in Vietnam.

What is a Molecule in Chemistry?

A molecule is a particle representative of a substance, consisting of a number of atoms bonded together and fully exhibiting the chemical properties of that substance. In other words, a molecule is the smallest unit of a chemical substance that still retains the characteristic chemical properties of that substance.

Characteristics of a molecule:

Electrically neutral: The total number of positive charges of nuclei equals the total number of negative charges of electrons, so the molecule carries no net charge.

Chemical bonds: Atoms in a molecule are bonded together by chemical bonds such as covalent bonds, ionic bonds.

Size and mass: The size and mass of a molecule are very small, usually measured in angstroms (Å) and atomic mass units (amu).

Continuous motion: Molecules are always in continuous motion, and the speed of motion depends on temperature.

Examples of molecules:

Elemental molecule: Consists of atoms of the same type bonded together, for example: O2, H2, N2.

Compound molecule: Consists of different types of atoms bonded together, for example: H2O, CO2, NaCl.

Role of molecules:

Building materials: Molecules are the basic units that construct all substances, from simple substances to complex substances.

Participating in chemical reactions: Molecules are the particles directly involved in chemical transformation processes.

Determining the properties of substances: The structure and type of bonds in molecules determine the physical and chemical properties of substances.

Molecule Classification

Elemental molecules:

Noble gases: He (Helium), Ne (Neon), Ar (Argon), ... Noble gases exist as isolated atoms and are also considered monoatomic molecules.

Oxygen gas: O₂: Two oxygen atoms bond together to form an oxygen molecule. This gas is essential for life.

Hydrogen gas: H₂: Two hydrogen atoms bond together to form a hydrogen molecule.

Chlorine gas: Cl₂: Two chlorine atoms bond together to form a chlorine molecule.

Metals: Although metals often exist as crystal lattices, metal vapors consist of isolated atoms or monoatomic molecules.

Compound molecules:

Water: H₂O: An oxygen atom bonded with two hydrogen atoms.

Carbon dioxide: CO₂: A carbon atom bonded with two oxygen atoms.

Table salt (Sodium chloride): NaCl: A sodium atom bonded with a chlorine atom via an ionic bond.

Sugar (Glucose): C₆H₁₂O₆: A complex organic molecule consisting of 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms.

Hydrochloric acid: HCl: A hydrogen atom bonded with a chlorine atom.

Ammonia: NH₃: A nitrogen atom bonded with three hydrogen atoms.

Methane: CH₄: A carbon atom bonded with four hydrogen atoms.

Organic molecules:

Proteins: Composed of long chains of amino acids.

DNA: Carries genetic information, composed of nucleotides.

Lipids: Include fats, waxes, steroids,...

Carbohydrates: Include sugars, starches,...

Inorganic molecules:

Salts: NaCl, CaCO₃ (calcium carbonate),...

Acids: HCl, H₂SO₄ (sulfuric acid),...

Bases: NaOH (sodium hydroxide), KOH (potassium hydroxide),...

Oxides: CO₂, SO₂, Fe₂O₃ (iron III oxide),...

*Note:

Molecular size: Molecules are very small and cannot be seen with the naked eye.

Molecular shape: Each molecule has a distinctive shape, dependent on the type of atoms and how they bond together.

Molecular properties: The properties of a substance depend on the type of atoms constituting the molecule and how they bond together.

*Note: Information is for reference only./.

What is a Molecule? At what level is it taught in Chemistry?

What is a molecule? When do students in Vietnam learn about molecular according Chemistry curriculum?​ (Image from the Internet)

When do students in Vietnam learn about molecular according Chemistry curriculum?​

Based on Section 5 of the General Education Program for Natural Science issued in conjunction with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the overview content includes content taught at grade 7 as follows:

- Atoms

- Chemical elements

- Brief introduction to the periodic table of chemical elements

- Molecules; elements; compounds

- Brief introduction to chemical bonds

- Valency; chemical formulas

Thus, according to the above regulation, students will be introduced to and learn about molecules in the grade 7 Natural Science program.

What is the general orientation of the teaching method for the subject of Natural Sciences according to the 2018 program in Vietnam?

Based on Sub-section 1, Section 6 of the General Education Program for Chemistry issued in conjunction with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the general orientation for teaching methods of Natural Science according to the 2018 curriculum is as follows:

(1) Promote the positivity, initiative, and creativity of students; avoid unilateral imposition, rote memorization; focus on nurturing the ability for self-study and self-learning so that students can continue to learn, expand their knowledge, and continue to develop their qualities and abilities after graduating from high school.

(2) Cultivate skills to apply chemical knowledge to identify and solve practical problems; encourage and facilitate students to experience and be creative by organizing them to participate in learning, exploration, and application activities.

(3) Flexibly and creatively apply educational methods suitable to objectives, educational content, student subjects, and specific conditions.

Depending on the requirements to be achieved, teachers can combine multiple teaching methods in one topic.

Traditional teaching methods (lectures, dialogues,...) are used oriented towards promoting the positivity and initiative of students.

Enhance the use of teaching methods that emphasize the student's role as the learning subject (practical teaching, problem-based teaching, project-based teaching, experiential learning, and discovery; differentiated teaching,... with appropriate teaching techniques).

(4) A variety of and flexible implementation of teaching forms; combining individual, group, classroom learning, project-based learning, and self-study...

Promote the application of information and communication technology in chemistry teaching.

Emphasize external resources to textbooks and the equipped system of teaching devices; thoroughly exploit the advantages of information and communication technology in teaching on multi-media knowledge bases, increase the use of electronic resources (such as experiment films, virtual experiments, simulated experiments,...).

Related Posts
LawNet
What is the main photosynthetic organ in plants? Are 7th-grade students in Vietnam required to master the main photosynthetic organs in plants?
LawNet
What is a plant stoma? In Vietnam, what is the grade at which the plant stoma is taught?
LawNet
What are the mid-term exam papers for the essay part of the Grade 7 Natural Science subject? What is the timeframe for the 2024-2025 school year in Ho Chi Minh City?
LawNet
What is a molecule? When do students in Vietnam learn about molecular according Chemistry curriculum?
LawNet
What is photosynthesis in plants? When do students in Vietnam learn about photosynthesis according to the Natural Science curriculum?
LawNet
What is an element? What is a compound? When do students in Vietnam learn about elements and compounds according to Chemistry curriculum in Vietnam?
LawNet
What is the law on light reflection? What are details of the law on light reflection?
LawNet
What is the phenomenon of light reflection? What is the law of light reflection? What are the characteristics of Physics subject in Vietnam?
Lượt xem: 114

Đăng ký tài khoản Lawnet

Đơn vị chủ quản: Công ty THƯ VIỆN PHÁP LUẬT.
Chịu trách nhiệm chính: Ông Bùi Tường Vũ - Số điện thoại liên hệ: 028 3935 2079
P.702A , Centre Point, 106 Nguyễn Văn Trỗi, P.8, Q. Phú Nhuận, TP. HCM;