What is the structure of economic sectors in Vietnam? What are the socio-economic development targets in Vietnam during 2021-2025?
What is the structure of economic sectors in Vietnam?
To understand the structure of economic sectors in Vietnam, it is first necessary to understand the economic structure.
The economic structure is the set of organic relationships between economic sectors, economic sectors, and territories. Based on indicators of the economic structure to assess the economic development of a country.
At the same time, the economic structure helps the state come up with appropriate policies to promote balance, stability, and sustainable economic development.
For example, according to the General Statistics Office, GDP in 2022 compared to 2021 increased by 8.02%, reaching the highest increase in the period 2011 - 2022, as the economy was restored. In the overall growth rate of the economic structure, forestry and fishery contributed 5.11%; industry contributed 38.24%; services contributed 56.65%.
Since then, the structure of economic sectors has been formulated as part of the economic structure.
Normally, the structure of economic sectors includes State, non-state, and individual economies.
- The state economy is managed and operated by state agencies. In the state economic structure, the government manages and administers production and business activities to meet the needs of society and ensure the sustainable development of the nation.
The non-state economy is a type of economy that is not under ownership, not under any control of the State, these enterprises are free to operate but must ensure compliance with the provisions of law.
- The individual economy is a type of economy owned and operated by individuals, households, or private enterprises by market needs.
In Vietnam, under the provisions of Article 51 of the 2013 Constitution, there are the following provisions:
Article 51
1. The Vietnamese economy is a socialist-oriented market economy with varied forms of ownership and economic sectors; the state economy plays the dominant role.
2. All economic sectors are important components of the national economy. Entities in different economic sectors are equal before law and shall cooperate and compete with one another by law.
3. The State shall encourage and create the conditions for businesspeople, enterprises or other individuals or organizations to carry out investment, production or business activities; and sustainably develop economic sectors in order to contribute to national construction. The legal property of individuals and organizations engaged in investment, production or business activities is protected by law and is not subjected to nationalization.
Thus, the Vietnamese economy is a socialist-oriented market economy with varied forms of ownership and economic sectors; the state economy plays the dominant role. Currently, Vietnam has an economic structure including:
- State economy.
- Collective economy.
- Individual economy.
- Foreign-invested economy.
In particular, each economic sector has different roles and cooperates and competes equally with each other, helping the socialist-oriented market economy to develop more and more.
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What are the socio-economic development targets in Vietnam during 2021-2025?
According to subsection 2 of Section 1 of the Resolution of the XIII National Congress, the socio-economic development targets in Vietnam during 2021-2025 include:
[1] Economy:
- The average economic growth rate (GDP) in 5 years is about 6.5 - 7% / year.
- By 2025, GDP per capita will be about 4,700 - 5,000 USD.
- The contribution of total factor productivity (TFP) to growth is about 45%.
- The average growth rate of social labor productivity is over 6.5%/year.
- The urbanization rate is about 45%.
- The proportion of the processing and manufacturing industry in GDP reaches over 25%; the digital economy reaches about 20% of GDP.
[2] Society:
- By 2025, the proportion of agricultural labor in the total social labor will be about 25%; The rate of trained workers is 70%.
- The unemployment rate in urban areas in 2025 will be below 4%.
- The multidimensional poverty rate maintained a decrease of 1-1.5% annually; there are 10 doctors and 30 hospital beds per 1 lakh people;
- The participation rate in health insurance reaches 95% of the population; the average life expectancy is about 74.5 years;
- The proportion of communes meeting the new rural standard is at least 80%, of which at least 10% meets the new model rural standard.
[3] Environment:
- By 2025, the rate of using clean water and hygienic water of urban residents will be 95-100%, and rural will be 93-95%.
- The rate of collection and treatment of municipal solid waste must meet standards and regulations of 90%.
- The proportion of industrial parks and export processing zones operating with centralized wastewater treatment systems meeting environmental standards is 92%.
- The rate of seriously polluting establishments being treated reaches 100%; keep the forest cover rate stable at 42%.
What factors affect the economic structure of a country?
The economic structure is influenced by various factors:
+ Overall economic factors: Overall economic factors such as economic policies, and inflation ... can affect the economic structure of a country.
+ Social and cultural factors: A country with a developed culture will have higher human resources and qualifications, contributing to economic development.
+ Technology and economic infrastructure: A country with advanced technology will have a more competitive advantage. Good infrastructure also helps boost production and business.
+ Labor resources: The level of labor and the level of conformity with the requirements of the employer, affect the distribution of industry groups in the structure of economic sectors.
+ Natural resources, geographical and climatic conditions: A country with abundant resources is a resource for development and creating economic strength. Favorable geographical and climatic conditions are potential for economic sectors such as agriculture or tourism.
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