5.1.6 Central fire alarm panels, fire alarm call points, and firefighting apparatuses must receive adequate lighting to facilitate easy navigation and, if they are not located on escape route or in open area, must receive at least 5 lux at surrounding floor surface (see Figure A.4).

5.2 Exit instruction

5.2.1 Exit sign

Additional exit signs are required at all entrances and exits of evacuation staircases, escape routes on all storeys, and all exits of rooms having at least 2 escape routes;

Installation of exit signs is not required in:

- Rooms equipped with emergency lighting and also satisfying any of the following requirements:

+ There is only one way in or out; or

+ There is one exit leading to single-loaded corridor or outdoor space.

- Rooms not equipped with emergency lighting and also satisfying any of the following requirements:

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+ Maximum distance from any point of the room to the way in or out is 13 m, at least 50% of wall segment adjoining corridor is glass, and at least one of the following conditions is met:

. Doors opened into corridors are outfitted with emergency lighting;

. Doors opened into single-loaded corridor or directly outside.

- Single-storey buildings where floor area does not exceed 200 m², area of openings on exterior wall takes up at least 80%.

5.2.2 Direction escape route sign

Direction escape route signs must be installed along escape route, in rooms, and areas where visibility to escape route is obstructed.

Direction escape route signs are not required in:

- Roofless courtyards and rooftops.

- Single-storey building with only roofs (with no surrounding walls) where floor area does not exceed 200 m² and area of openings takes up at least 80% of total exterior wall area.

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Low-level exit signs and direction escape route signs are required on storeys where lounges are located in hotels of at least 7 storeys or minimum total volume of 5.000 m³ having exit corridor longer than 10 m.

The lowest point of low-level signs must be 150 mm to 200 mm above the floor surface. Each low-level sign must be at most 10 m away from one another. In respect of emergency exit doors, safety signs must be positioned above or adjacent to the doors where sides of the signs that are nearest to the doors are at most 100 mm away from door frame (see Figure A.5).

Low-level safety signs are designed to guide inhabitants and employees in buildings to reach exit accesses in case smoke obscures exits or direction escape route signs above doors and are not meant to replace standard safety signs.

5.2.4 Luminance

Luminance of safety signs must meet requirements below:

- During normal operating mode: luminance must conform to ISO 3864-1.

- Emergency operating mode: minimum luminance of signs regardless of direction is 2 cd/m²; where visibility is potentially affected by smoke produced by the fire, minimum luminance must be 10 cd/m² (see Figure A.8).

5.2.5 Uniformity

- Uniformity of colors: Uniformity of luminance within range of safe color and contrasting color is measured by the ratio between maximum and minimum luminance of the color which must be greater than 1:5.

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- Uniformity between colors: The ratio between luminance L_{contrasting color} and adjacent luminance L_{safe color} must not be lower than 5:1 and must not be greater than 15:1 (see Figure A.8).

5.2.6 Safety signs installed along escape routes must meet TCVN 8092:2009 (ISO 7010:2003); TCVN 5053:1990; ISO 3864-1.

Each safety sign (not including low-level safety signs) must be at most 25 m away from one another.

5.2.7 Height of safety signs corresponding to viewing distance

Minimum height of safety signs is determined using the formula below:

where:

h - minimum height of safety sign (m);

L - viewing distance (m);

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NOTE: The determination of viewing distance in accordance with this technical parameter demands that the ratio between height of safety sign and height of lettering complies with ISO 3864-1.

Figure 3 - Minimum height of sign

5.2.8 Installation height of safety sign

Safety signs (not including low-level safety signs) must be installed at between 2 m to 2,7 m above floor level or above the door if the door is taller than 2,7 m. In respect of areas that are not protected by smoke protection causing accumulated smoke to obscure safety signs, safety signs should be at least 0,5 m below the ceiling and must not be externally illuminated.

5.2.9 Evacuation plan

-Evacuation plan is required on storeys larger than 1000 m² or having at least 2 escape routes (see Figure A.6).

- Evacuation plan is also required in lounges of hotels, accommodations, and rooms for rent (see Figure A.7).

- Evacuation plan consists of 2 parts: instruction in writing and instruction in diagram. Evacuation plan must be posted in visible, logical, and frequented locations (see Figure A.6).

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+ Written instruction consists of course of actions to be taken in case of fire.

- Dimension of evacuation plan depends on characteristics of activities; area of storey, rooms; exit plan and is not lower than:

+ 600x400 mm - for evacuation plan of storey;

+ 400x300 mm - for evacuation plan in rooms.

- Evacuation plan must be installed in a way that the lowest point of the evacuation plan is between 1,5 m ± 0,2 m from floor level.

Appendix A

(reference)

Example illustrations regarding emergency lighting and exit sign

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Figure A.1 - Externally illuminated safety sign

Figure A.2 - Illuminance of emergency lighting on escape route

Figure A.3 - Emergency lighting for open area (anti-panic)

Figure A.4 - Lighting for firefighting and rescue apparatus

Figure A.5 - Low-level safety sign

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Figure A.6 - Evacuation plan for storey

Figure A.7 - Evacuation plan for room

Figure A.8 - Characteristics of safety sign

REFERENCE

[1] ISO 30061:2007 Emergency lighting;

[2] QCVN 06:2021/BXD National Technical Regulation on Fire Safety for Buildings and Constructions;

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[4] TCVN 3890:2009 Firefighting Facilities for Buildings and Constructions - equipment, installation, inspection, maintenance;

[5] ISO 16069 Graphical symbols - Safety signs - Safety way guidance systems (SWGS);

[6] Code of Practice for Fire Precautions in Buildings 2018.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreword

1 Scope

2 Reference documents

3 Definitions

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5 Design and installation requirements

5.1 Emergency lighting

5.2 Exit instruction

Appendix A (reference): Example illustrations regarding emergency lighting and exit sign

Reference