What is universalization of education? Which educational levels must implement universalization of education in Vietnam?

What is universalization of education?

Based on Clause 8, Article 5 of the Education Law 2019, universalization of education is defined as follows:

Definitions

In this Law, the following terms are understood as follows:

1. Formal education is education according to a course at an educational institution to implement a specific educational program, established according to the goals of educational levels, training degrees, and awarded diplomas of the national education system.

2. Continuing education is education to implement a specific educational program, organized flexibly in terms of program implementation forms, time, methods, location, to meet the lifelong learning needs of learners.

3. Educational quality accreditation is the activity of evaluating and recognizing educational institutions or training programs meeting the educational quality standards issued by competent authorities or organizations.

4. Academic year plan is the form of organizing the educational and training process according to the school year.

5. Credit is a unit used to measure the amount of knowledge, skills, and learning outcomes accumulated in a specific period.

6. Module is a learning unit integrated with knowledge, skills, and attitudes in a complete manner to help learners fully perform one or several tasks of a profession.

7. Output standards are the required achievements in terms of qualities and capabilities of learners after completing an educational program.

8. universalization of education is the process of organizing educational activities so that all citizens within the age range can study and achieve a certain level of education as prescribed by law.

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Thus, according to the above regulation, universalization of education is the process of organizing educational activities so that all citizens within the age range can learn. Moreover, universalization of education helps learners achieve a certain level of education as prescribed by law.

What is universalization of education? Which educational levels must implement universalization of education in Vietnam? (Internet image)

Which educational levels must implement universalization of education in Vietnam?

Based on Article 14 of the Education Law 2019, universalization of education and compulsory education are regulated as follows:

Universalization of education and Compulsory Education

1. Primary education is compulsory education.

The State conducts preschool education universalization for 5-year-old children and lower secondary education universalization.

2. The State is responsible for implementing compulsory education throughout the country; determining plans, ensuring conditions to implement universalization of education.

3. All citizens within the prescribed age range are obligated to study to achieve universal education and complete compulsory education.

4. Families and guardians are responsible for creating conditions for family members within the prescribed age range to study to achieve universal education and complete compulsory education.

Thus, according to the above regulation, universalization of education will be implemented for the following educational levels:

[1] Preschool education universalization for 5-year-old children.

[2] Lower secondary education universalization.

Does the state budget ensure funding for universalization of education in Vietnam?

According to Article 96 of the Education Law 2019, the state budget investment in education is regulated as follows:

State Budget Investment in Education

1. The state prioritizes the foremost allocation of the education budget, ensuring that the state budget for education and training accounts for at least 20% of the total state budget expenditure.

2. The state budget for education is allocated based on public and democratic principles; based on the scale of education, the socio-economic development conditions of each region; ensuring the budget for universalization of education, developing education in ethnic minority areas, and areas with particularly difficult socio-economic conditions.

The state is responsible for fully and promptly allocating funds to implement universalization of education in line with the school year schedule.

3. Educational management agencies and educational institutions are responsible for effectively managing and using the allocated educational budget and other revenue sources as prescribed by law.

Thus, the State is responsible for fully and promptly allocating funds to implement universalization of education in line with the school year schedule. It also ensures the budget for universalization of education.

What are the responsibilities of schools regarding universalization of education in Vietnam?

According to Article 89 of the Education Law 2019, the responsibilities of schools regarding universalization of education in Vietnam are as follows:

- Schools are responsible for implementing universalization of education plans, codes of conduct; proactively cooperating with families and society to organize or participate in educational activities according to the school’s plan, ensuring safety for both teachers and learners; informing parents or guardians about students' learning and training results.

- Other educational institutions may apply relevant regulations to schools mentioned in this Chapter.