What is the Octet Rule? What are exercises on the Octet Rule with answers? When do students in Vietnam learn about the Octet Rule?

What is the Octet Rule? What are exercises on the Octet Rule with answers for students in Vietnam?

The octet rule is a fundamental principle in chemistry that describes how atoms interact and bond with each other to achieve a stable electron configuration. According to the octet rule, atoms tend to arrange their electrons so that the outermost shell contains 8 electrons, similar to the configuration of noble gases, thereby attaining a more stable state.

5 exercises on the Octet Rule

Exercise 1: Determine the electron configuration of a nitrogen (N) atom and state whether it follows the octet rule when forming an ion. Write the equation for the formation of a nitrogen ion.

Exercise 2: Provide the electron configuration of a neon (Ne) atom. Explain why neon atoms do not participate in chemical reactions in relation to the octet rule.

Exercise 3: Determine the Lewis structure of a water molecule (H₂O) and explain how the hydrogen and oxygen atoms achieve the octet rule in this molecule.

Exercise 4: Determine the number of electrons each atom needs to achieve the octet rule in the NH₃ (ammonia) compound. Draw the Lewis structure of this molecule.

Exercise 5: Explain how sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) atoms achieve the octet rule when forming table salt (NaCl). Write the chemical equation representing this process.

Answers

Exercise 1:

The electron configuration of nitrogen (N) is: 1s² 2s² 2p³.

To achieve the octet rule, nitrogen needs 3 additional electrons to have 8 electrons in its outermost shell.

The equation for the formation of a nitrogen ion is: N + 3e⁻ → N³⁻.

Exercise 2:

- The electron configuration of neon (Ne) is: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶.

- Neon already has 8 electrons in its outermost shell, adhering to the octet rule, making it stable and non-reactive in chemical reactions.

Exercise 3:

- The Lewis structure of H₂O:

H

|

H-O

|

H

- The oxygen atom has 6 electrons in its outermost shell and shares 2 electrons with 2 hydrogen atoms to achieve 8 electrons.

- Each hydrogen atom shares 1 electron with the oxygen atom to achieve 2 electrons (fulfilling the octet rule for hydrogen).

Exercise 4:

- The nitrogen atom has 5 electrons in its outermost shell and needs 3 additional electrons to achieve the octet rule.

- Each hydrogen atom has 1 electron and needs 1 more electron to follow the octet rule (2 electrons).

- The Lewis structure of NH₃:

H

\

N - H

/

H

Exercise 5:

- Sodium (Na) has 1 electron in its outermost shell and loses this electron to become Na⁺, achieving the octet rule.

- Chlorine (Cl) has 7 electrons in its outermost shell and gains 1 electron to become Cl⁻, achieving the octet rule.

- Chemical equation: Na + Cl → Na⁺ + Cl⁻ → NaCl.

Note: The content is for reference only!

What is the Octet Rule? What are exercises on the Octet Rule with answers? When do students in Vietnam learn about the Octet Rule?​ (Image from the Internet)

When do students in Vietnam learn about the Octet Rule?​ 

Based on the General Education Program for Chemistry issued together with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the content of grade 10 Chemistry (Chemical Bonding part) is regulated as follows:

Thus, students will learn the octet rule in grade 10 Chemistry.

What are study topics of grade 10 Chemistry in Vietnam?

According to the General Education Program for Chemistry issued together with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the study topics of grade 10 Chemistry in Vietnam include: