What is the definition of multipolarity? Why did the world trending towards multipolarity after the Cold War? What are guidelines on teaching equipment for History of upper secondary level in Vietnam?

What is the definition of multipolarity? Why did the world trending towards multipolarity after the Cold War?

1. Concept of Multipolarity

The concept of multipolarity is a knowledge point that grade 12 students will study in the History subject. Multipolarity is a term in international relations used to refer to a world order where many powerful countries or groups of countries exert significant influence on international and global structure issues.

In the concept of multipolarity, a multipolar world will not have any single country dominating or controlling all aspects of the international system. Instead, power and influence are distributed and spread among many countries or groups of countries.

2. Why did the world trending towards multipolarity after the Cold War?

After the Cold War ended, the world witnessed the collapse of the bipolar order led by the USA and the Soviet Union. This event created a power vacuum and opened opportunities for many other countries to rise.

Below are some main reasons why the world tends toward a multipolar trend after the Cold War:

- The weakening of the USA and the Soviet Union: After the Soviet Union dissolved, the USA became the only superpower but also faced many internal and international challenges. The relative weakening of the USA allowed other countries like China, Russia, India, and EU countries to enhance their strength and influence.

- The rise of new powers: Countries like China, India, Japan, and EU countries have developed strongly in terms of economy, politics, and military. The increase in the strength and influence of these countries has contributed to creating a multipolar world.

- Globalization and international cooperation: Globalization has promoted cooperation and linkage between countries, reducing dependence on a single superpower. International and regional organizations such as the United Nations, NATO, ASEAN, and the EU have played important roles in maintaining global peace and stability.

- Regional conflicts and disputes: After the Cold War, many regional conflicts and disputes erupted, particularly ethnic, religious, and territorial disputes. These conflicts have complicated the international situation and necessitated intervention and resolution from various powers.

- The development of technology and economy: The rapid development of technology and economy has changed the global power balance. Countries with strong economies and advanced technologies have been able to increase their influence internationally.

Note: Content is for reference only!

What is the definition of multipolarity? Why did the world trending towards multipolarity after the Cold War? What are guidelines on teaching equipment for History of upper secondary level in Vietnam?​ (Image from the Internet)

What are guidelines on teaching equipment for History of upper secondary level in Vietnam?

Based on the History Education Program of Upper Secondary level issued with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the guidance on teaching equipment for History of upper secondary level is as follows:

- Using teaching equipment is one of the conditions decisive to the success of innovating teaching methods in the History subject oriented towards competency development.

- Educational institutions need to have minimum teaching equipment such as mapping systems (world maps, continent maps, Southeast Asia, and Vietnam maps); historical images, models, diagrams, charts with the support of technical means like computers, projectors, television, radio, video, various tapes, and disks...

- History is a subject with knowledge systems about the past that students cannot directly observe. Information technology will support re-enacting history through documentaries, historical sources, images, videos, etc. Teachers should exploit and use basic functions of the Internet and software to introduce images, sounds, historical documents, etc., into lessons to enhance teaching effectiveness, inspiring students to love History.

What is the standard qualification for grade 12 History teachers in Vietnam?

According to Article 72 of the Education Law 2019, the standard qualification for educators is regulated as follows:

Standard Qualification for Educators

1. The standard qualification for educators is regulated as follows:

a) Having a college degree in pedagogy or higher for preschool teachers;

b) Having a bachelor’s degree in teacher training or higher for primary, lower secondary, and upper secondary school teachers. In cases where there are not enough teachers with a bachelor’s degree in teacher training, they must have a relevant bachelor’s degree and a pedagogical training certificate;

c) Having a master's degree for university-level educators; a doctoral degree for educators teaching, guiding master's theses, and doctoral dissertations;

d) The standard qualification for educators teaching in vocational education institutions shall follow the provisions of the Vocational Education Law.

2. the Government of Vietnam regulates the roadmap for increasing the standard qualification for preschool, primary, and secondary educators as specified in points a and b, clause 1 of this Article. The Minister of Education and Training, the Minister of Labor, War Invalids, and Social Affairs, within their duties and powers, regulate the use of educators in cases of not meeting the provisions in clause 1 of this Article.

Grade 12 History subject teachers must have a bachelor's degree in teacher training or higher. In cases where there are not enough teachers with a bachelor’s degree in the subject's training, they must have a relevant bachelor's degree and a pedagogical training certificate.