What are guidelines on preparing the lesson Phò giá về kinh for students in grade 9 in Vietnam? How many periodic assessments are there in grade 9 Literature per semester in Vietnam?

Guidelines on preparing the lesson Phò giá về kinh

I. Author, Work

1. Author

Tran Quang Khai, also known as Chieu Minh Dai Vuong, born in 1241, died in 1294, was the third son of Emperor Tran Thai Tong. He was an outstanding military general during the Tran dynasty and contributed significantly in the two wars against the Mongol invaders.

2. Context of the Creation of the Work Phò giá về kinh

The poem was composed by Tran Quang Khai when he went to meet the Retired Emperor Tran Thanh Tong and Emperor Tran Nhan Tong on their return to Thang Long after the victories at Chuong Duong, Ham Tu, and the liberation of the capital in 1285.

3. Structure

- Part 1 (the first two lines): The victorious spirit of our army

- Part 2 (the remaining two lines): The everlasting desire for peace and independence

4. Content Value

The poem embodies the indomitable national spirit, showcasing the victorious spirit and the hope for peace and prosperity of the Tran era.

5. Artistic Value

- The poem follows the concise and compact five-word quatrain form

- The tone is uplifting, joyous, and proud

- The expression is condensed, with emotions packed within the ideas

II. Guide to Prepare the Lesson Phò giá về kinh for Grade 9

Question 1: Present the context of the creation of the text Phò giá về kinh by Tran Quang Khai.

The poem Phò giá về kinh was composed by Tran Quang Khai while on his way to meet the Retired Emperor Tran Thanh Tong and Emperor Tran Nhan Tong on their return to Thang Long after defeating the Mongol invaders at Chuong Duong and Ham Tu, and liberating the capital. This is indeed the second victory against the Mongol invasions.

Question 2: Identify the characteristics of the poem’s genre

- Number of characters: each line has 5 characters, totaling 20 characters for the entire poem

- Number of lines: 4 lines

- Regarding the rhythm: there can be 3 rhymes placed at the end of lines 1, 2, and 4; alternatively, there can be 2 rhymes placed at the end of lines 2 and 4.

- The rules of five-character poetry dictate that the 1st, 3rd, and 5th characters can be any tone, but the 2nd and 4th characters must have opposite tones. If the 2nd character has a high tone, the 4th must have a low tone, and vice versa. This shows that the poem strictly follows the rules of the five-character quatrain.

Question 3: Present the content of the first two lines and the last two lines, and then state the theme of the poem.

The first two lines speak of the significant victories of our army and people during the Tran era against the invading Mongols at Ham Tu and Chuong Duong. The phrases "doat sao" and "cam Ho" in the lines evoke the heroic victories of our army over the invaders.

The last two lines express the eternal desire for peace and prosperity of our nation, which is not only the wish of one person but the collective aspiration and desire of the entire nation. It also serves as a call for the army and people to build and develop the country in a peaceful state.

Content: The poem expresses the victorious spirit and the desire for peace and prosperity of our nation during the Tran era.

Question 4: Analyze the rhythm of the poem in the original version?

The rhythm is distinctly divided into 2/3 and 3/2 segments. The rhythm in the lines helps the poem exhibit the powerful victorious spirit against the Mongol invaders. It also emphasizes the glorious achievements of the Tran dynasty and affirms the aspiration and responsibility of the people in nation-building.

Question 5: Compare the poem with the poem Nam national mountains and rivers to highlight the similarities in content and artistic form between the two works.

Both poems belong to the quatrain form (each poem consists of only 4 lines) conveyed through ideas, where both poems focus on conveying ideas. The ideas are presented concisely, focusing on events:

In the poem Nam national mountains and rivers: it asserts the nation's sovereignty and the victory of justice. In the poem Phò giá về kinh: it narrates two significant victories of the Tran people: Chuong Duong and Ham Tu, reaffirming the eternal existence of the country and the nation.

Regarding form: both poems are composed in the Tang-style quatrain and in Chinese characters.

Question 6: How does the content of the poem, written long ago, remain relevant to contemporary life? Why?

Despite being written long ago, the poem’s content remains relevant to contemporary life. It serves as a reminder to future generations to remember the heroic achievements of their ancestors. It also encourages the younger generation to protect and preserve the peaceful state of the nation.