What are contents on distinction between endogenous and exogenous processes according to grade 6 curriculum in Vietnam? What is the minimum teaching equipment for grade 6 History and Geography in Vietnam?
What are contents on distinction between endogenous and exogenous processes according to grade 6 curriculum in Vietnam?
Distinguishing between endogenous and exogenous processes is one of the required goals in the subject of History and Geography for Grade 6. To distinguish between these processes, one must first understand the concepts.
Endogenous processes are geological processes that occur within the Earth's crust, related to phenomena such as the movement of tectonic plates, volcanic eruptions, and the formation of mountain ranges.
Exogenous processes are geological processes that occur on the Earth's surface, caused by external factors such as wind, water, ice, and living organisms.
Below is a table distinguishing endogenous and exogenous processes:
| Criterion | Endogenous Processes | Exogenous Processes |
| Origin | Occur due to internal factors within the Earth's crust. | Occur due to external factors on the Earth's surface. |
| Activity | Includes activities such as the movement of tectonic plates, compression of rock layers, folding, fracturing, and volcanic eruptions. | Includes processes such as weathering, erosion, transportation, and deposition. |
| Impact | Makes the Earth's surface more rugged, creating landforms such as mountains, plateaus, and large fractures. | Tends to level the terrain, making the Earth's surface smoother. |
| Example | The formation of the Himalayas due to the collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. | The erosion of mountains by rain, wind, and river flows. |
Note: The content is for reference purposes only!
What are contents on distinction between endogenous and exogenous processes according to grade 6 curriculum in Vietnam? What is the minimum teaching equipment for grade 6 History and Geography in Vietnam? (Image from the Internet)
What is the minimum teaching equipment for grade 6 History and Geography in Vietnam?
Based on the general education program issued with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the minimum teaching equipment for grade 6 History and Geography in Vietnam is as follows:
- Wall maps for schools (world, regional, Vietnam) appropriate for the theme of each class and suitable for the cognitive abilities of students;
- Atlases of natural geography, atlases of continents, and Vietnamese geography, historical maps;
- Models, historical paintings, photographs, audio recordings of historical figures, etc.;
- Natural specimens;
- Printed images, static and dynamic digital images, diagrams, outlines, and video clips edited for educational purposes, suitable for each theme;
- Study notes with source materials; Worksheet sheets (maps, outlines, graphs, diagrams);
- Common tools and equipment for observing nature (compass, thermometer, hygrometer, barometer);
- Some practical and fieldwork tools;
- Digital libraries containing educational resource archives for History and Geography;
- Educational software.
In localities where conditions allow, specialized classrooms should be organized.
The primary purpose of using teaching equipment is to provide the technical foundation for organizing educational activities and enable students to actively and creatively seek knowledge in history and geography.
What are characteristics of History and Geography at lower secondary level in Vietnam?
According to the general education program issued with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the characteristics of History and Geography at lower secondary level in Vietnam include:
- History and Geography at the lower secondary level play a crucial role in shaping and developing essential qualities, general capabilities, and scientific abilities, specifically historical and geographical capabilities; laying the foundation for students to continue to upper secondary school, vocational training, or participate in labor life, becoming useful citizens.
- History and Geography is a mandatory subject taught from Grade 6 to Grade 9. It includes historical education, geographical education, and several interdisciplinary themes, integrating simple knowledge of economics, culture, science, religion, etc.
- The thematic structures of history and geography are interconnected to illuminate and support each other. Additionally, the subject includes integrated themes, such as protecting sovereignty, legitimate rights and interests of Vietnam in the East Sea; urban development - history and present; civilizations of the Red River and Mekong Delta; great geographic discoveries, etc.
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