What are causes and consequences of the First World War? What standards must grade 8 students in Vietnam meet when learning about the First World War?

What are causes and consequences of the First World War?

1. Causes of the First World War

* Underlying Causes:

- Conflicts between imperialist countries:

+ At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, imperialist countries (Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia) were racing to colonize and expand their influence.

+ Germany and Austria-Hungary emerged as new powers, clashing fiercely with established empires like Britain and France.

- Formation of two opposing military blocs:

+ The Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy.

+ The Triple Entente: Britain, France, Russia.

The competition and arms race between these two blocs increased the risk of war.

* Immediate Cause:

- On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary was assassinated by a Serbian in Sarajevo.

Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, leading allied countries on both sides to join and ignite the war.

2. Consequences of the First World War

- Severe human and material losses:

+ Over 10 million people were killed and about 20 million were wounded.

+ The European economy was devastated, with many cities and villages destroyed.

- Changes in the world political map:

+ Major empires such as the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and Tsarist Russia collapsed.

+ Many new countries were formed, such as Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia.

- The Treaty of Versailles in 1919:

+ Germany was held responsible for causing the war and was required to make heavy reparations.

+ The harsh terms of the treaty led to dissatisfaction, laying the groundwork for the Second World War.

- National liberation movements:

+ The war weakened the empires, spurring independence movements in many colonial countries.

- Establishment of the League of Nations:

+ An international organization was established with the aim of maintaining peace, but it was ineffective.

Conclusion

The First World War was a catastrophic conflict with deep-rooted causes in the conflicts between imperialist countries. Its consequences not only caused immense human and material losses but also changed the world order, leaving long-lasting legacies that led to significant conflicts in the 20th century.

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What are causes and consequences of the First World War? What standards must grade 8 students in Vietnam meet when learning about the First World War? (Image from the Internet)

What standards must grade 8 students in Vietnam meet when learning about the First World War?​

Based on Section V of the Curriculum for History and Geography Education at the lower secondary school level, issued with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT on the learning objectives for Europe and the United States from the late 18th century to the early 20th century in the grade 8 program:

- Describe the main features of the formation of imperialism.

- Present the main features of the Paris Commune (1871) and the historical significance of establishing a new type of state—the first proletarian state in the world.

- Recognize major economic transformations and domestic and foreign policies of the British, French, German, and American empires from the late 19th to early 20th century.

- State the emergence of the working class.

- Present some of the main activities of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, and the emergence of scientific socialism.

- Describe some notable activities of the international communist and workers' movement in the late 19th and early 20th century (workers' movements, the formation and activities of Communist Parties and communist organizations, etc.).

- State the causes of the outbreak of the First World War.

- Analyze and evaluate the consequences and impact of the First World War (1914 - 1918) on world history.

- State some main features (causes, developments, impacts, and historical significance) of the Russian October Revolution in 1917.

Thus, grade 8 students are expected to achieve the following objectives when studying the First World War:

- State the causes of the outbreak of the First World War.

- Analyze and evaluate the consequences and impact of the First World War (1914 - 1918) on world history.

What are the educational goals of the History and Geography curriculum at the lower secondary school level in Vietnam?

Based on Section II of the Curriculum for History and Geography Education at the lower secondary school level, issued with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT on the educational goals of the History and Geography curriculum at the lower secondary school level:

- The subject History and Geography at the lower secondary school level contributes, alongside other subjects and educational activities, to forming and developing essential qualities and general capabilities in students.

- History and Geography at the lower secondary school level forms and develops historical and geographical competencies in students based on a foundation of basic, selective knowledge about world, national, and local history and geography; natural, socio-economic, and cultural processes occurring in space and time; and the interaction between human society and the natural environment.

- Help students learn how to use the tools of historical and geographical sciences for study and application in practice.

- At the same time, contribute with other subjects and educational activities to forming and developing in students essential qualities and general abilities, especially love for homeland, national pride, respect for diversity in world history and human culture, awakening in students the desire to explore the world around them and apply what they have learned to reality.