Vietnam: What are the differences between solar and lunar eclipses? What are the minimum requirements regarding teaching equipment for History and Geography?

What are the differences between solar and lunar eclipses in Vietnam?

* What is a solar eclipse?

A solar eclipse is a phenomenon that occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth, obscuring a part or the entire sunlight reaching the Earth. This event only occurs during the day and when the Moon is in the new moon phase.

There are three main types of solar eclipses:

- Total solar eclipse: The Sun is completely obscured by the Moon.

- Partial solar eclipse: The Moon only covers a part of the Sun.

- Annular solar eclipse: The Sun is almost entirely covered, leaving a thin ring of light surrounding the Moon.

* What is a lunar eclipse?

A lunar eclipse is a phenomenon that occurs when the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon, blocking the sunlight from reaching the Moon. This event only happens at night and when the Moon is in the full moon phase.

There are three main types of lunar eclipses:

- Total lunar eclipse: The entire Moon is covered by the Earth's shadow.

- Partial lunar eclipse: Only part of the Moon enters Earth's shadow.

- Penumbral lunar eclipse: The Moon is only faintly shaded by Earth's penumbral shadow.

* What are the differences between solar and lunar eclipses in Vietnam?

Solar and lunar eclipses are both astronomical phenomena involving the Sun, the Moon, and the Earth, but they differ in occurrence, observation time, and formation causes. Below are the key differences between these two phenomena:

Note: The content is for reference only!

What are the differences between solar and lunar eclipses in Vietnam? What are the minimum requirements regarding teaching equipment for History and Geography? (Image from the Internet)

What are the requirements for assessment of educational results in the General education program for History and Geography?

Under Section VII of the General education program for History and Geography issued with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the requirements for assessment of educational results in the General education program for History and Geography are as follows:

- The assessment aims to provide accurate, prompt, and valuable information about the level of meeting the requirements of the History and Geography program and the students' progress to guide, adjust teaching activities of teachers and learning activities of students.

- The basis for assessment is the requirements of essential qualities, general competencies, and specific historical and geographical competencies as defined in the General Curriculum and the History and Geography Curriculum.

- Besides theoretical content, it is necessary to enhance the assessment of students’ skills such as working with maps, atlases, charts, diagrams, data tables, images, observation, collection, processing, and systematization of information, using outdoor learning tools, using technology, and communication information in learning, etc. Assess the ability to apply knowledge to specific situations, not focusing on the ability to recall historical or geographical knowledge.

- Diversify assessment forms, and increase regular assessments for all students through different forms: assessment through observing in-class activities; assessment through learning portfolios, learning products; assessment through reports on study project results, practice results, and presentations on learning task results. Create conditions for students to participate in the educational assessment process.

- Educational results are assessed using both qualitative and quantitative forms through regular, periodic assessment, and aggregating the overall assessment of students' qualities, competencies, and progress.

What are the minimum requirements regarding teaching equipment for History and Geography in Vietnam?

Under section VIII of the General education program for History and Geography issued with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the minimum requirements regarding teaching equipment for History and Geography in Vietnam are stipulated as follows:

- Educational wall maps (of the world, regions, Vietnam) suitable for the content of each grade's curriculum and appropriate to students' cognitive characteristics;

- General natural geographical Atlases, atlases of continents, and Vietnam geographical atlases, historical map sets;

- Models of artifacts, historical paintings, photographs, recordings of historical figures’ speech, etc.;

- Natural specimens;

- Images (printed on paper, static and dynamic digital images), diagrams, sketches, video clips edited for educational purposes, appropriate for the content of each subject topic;

- Learning cards with source materials; Exercise sheets (maps, sketches, charts, diagrams);

- Ordinary tools and equipment for natural observation (compass, thermometer, hygrometer, barometer);

- Some practical and fieldwork tools;

- Digital libraries containing teaching material repositories for History and Geography;

- Educational software.

In localities with conditions, specialized subject rooms should be organized.

The primary purpose of using teaching equipment is to provide a technical facility to organize learning activities, and encourage students' proactive and creative exploration of historical and geographical knowledge.