What are the rhetorical devices and their effects? Is Literature one of the exam subjects in the Exam for the Selection of Excellent Students for 12th-grade students in Vietnam?

What are the rhetorical devices and their effects? Is Literature one of the exam subjects in the Exam for the Selection of Excellent Students for 12th-grade students in Vietnam?

What are the What are the rhetorical devices and their effects?

12th-grade students may review rhetorical devices and their effects:

Rhetorical Devices and Their Effects

Rhetorical devices are special uses of language that make writing more lively, appealing, and expressive. We often encounter rhetorical devices in poetry, literature, folk songs, proverbs...

1. Comparison

Definition: Comparison is the act of juxtaposing two or more objects or events that have similarities to enhance the imagery and emotive quality of the text.

Effect:

Highlights characteristics of the objects or events being compared.

Creates concrete, vivid, and easy-to-understand images.

Expresses the emotions and feelings of the speaker or writer.

Example:

The sun is like a giant fireball.

The sound of the stream babbling is like the song of a maiden.

2. Personification

Definition: Personification is attributing human qualities to animals, plants, or objects, making them appear alive and relatable.

Effect:

Makes objects or phenomena more familiar, lively, and spirited.

Expresses the emotions and attitudes of the speaker or writer.

Example:

The flowers laughed in the sunlight.

The old banyan tree stood pensively by the roadside.

3. Metaphor

Definition: A metaphor is calling one object or phenomenon by the name of another that shares some similarities to enhance imagery and emotion in expression.

Effect:

Creates unique, unexpected images with strong impressions.

Makes writing concise and condensed.

Example:

A mother's hand is a sheltering roof.

My life's ship sails through the sea of life.

4. Metonymy

Definition: Metonymy is calling one object or phenomenon by the name of another that is closely related to evoke imagery and emotion in the expression.

Effect:

Makes writing more concise and condensed.

Creates unexpected and interesting associations.

Example:

The cradle of revolution.

Grey hair bidding farewell to green feet.

5. Repetition

Definition: Repetition involves repeating a word or phrase multiple times in a sentence or passage.

Effect:

Emphasizes ideas, creating a rhythm in writing.

Makes a strong impression, creating a sense of urgency and continuity.

Example:

My village, my village is so beautiful!

6. Hyperbole

Definition: Hyperbole is exaggerating a situation to emphasize an impression.

Effect:

Creates strong impressions, attracting attention.

Emphasizes the emotions and attitudes of the speaker.

Example:

The rain is pouring down.

7. Euphemism

Definition: Euphemism uses words with softer meanings to describe a situation or phenomenon.

Effect:

Reduces the seriousness of a situation.

Conveys subtlety and politeness.

Example:

She passed away peacefully.

8. Other Rhetorical Devices

Pun: Using words that have multiple meanings or similar sounds to create humorous and witty expressions.

Enumeration: Listing multiple words or phrases of the same type to emphasize and clarify an idea.

Contrast: Juxtaposing two opposing objects or phenomena to create stand-out features.

*Note: The information is for reference only./.

Rhetorical Devices and Their Effects? Do 12th Grade Students Participate in Literature Competitions?

What are the rhetorical devices and their effects? Is Literature one of the exam subjects in the Exam for the Selection of Excellent Students for 12th-grade students in Vietnam? (Image Source: Internet)

Is Literature one of the exam subjects in the Exam for the Selection of Excellent Students for 12th-grade students in Vietnam?

According to Article 5 of the Regulation on Exams for the Selection of Excellent Students at the National Level issued with Circular 17/2023/TT-BGDDT, the exam subjects, exam contents, exam forms, and time allotted for exam papers are regulated as follows:

Exam subjects, exam contents, exam forms, and time allotted for exam papers

1. Exam subjects:

a) Regarding subjects of the exam for the selection of excellent students at the national level, such as Math, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Informatics, Literature, History, Geography, and Foreign Languages (English, Russian, French, and Chinese), exams for the mentioned subjects shall only be held if there are at least 5 participating units. Adjustments to exam subjects (if any) shall be decided by the Minister of Education and Training of Vietnam;

b) Regarding the exam for the selection of Olympic teams, exams for Math, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Informatics shall be organized.

2. Exam contents are in the General Education Program, teaching contents of specialized high school subjects. However, the exam contents in the exam for the selection of Olympic teams shall be on par with the ones in the International and Regional Olympic Competitions.

3. Exam forms and time allotted for exam papers:

a) Regarding the exam for the selection of excellent students at the national level, there shall be two examination sessions for Math, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Informatics, and Foreign Languages and one examination session for Literature, History, and Geography; the time allotted shall be 180 minutes. The Informatics exam shall be carried out on computers; exams for other subjects shall be carried out on paper. Regarding Foreign Languages that have speaking tests, candidates shall have 5 minutes to prepare and 5 minutes to record their audio;

b) Regarding the exam for the selection of Olympic teams, there shall be two examination sessions for each exam subject; Physics, Chemistry, and Biology exams shall have an additional practical examination session; the time allotted for the Informatics exam shall be 300 minutes per exam paper, 270 minutes per exam paper for Math, and 240 minutes per exam paper for other subjects. The time allotted for the practical examination session for Physic, Biology, and Biology shall be 180 minutes.

Therefore, the Exams for the Selection of Excellent Students at the National Level include the following subjects:

Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Informatics, Literature, History, Geography, and Foreign Languages

The foreign languages include English, Russian, French, and Chinese.

Thus, according to the above Regulation, Literature is one of the exam subjects in the Exam for the Selection of Excellent Students for 12th-grade students in Vietnam.

Which authority decides to organize the Exams for the Selection of Excellent Students at the National Level in Vietnam?

Under Article 9 of the Regulation on Exams for the Selection of Excellent Students at the National Level issued with Circular 17/2023/TT-BGDDT:

Exam directive and organization

1. The Ministry of Education and Training of Vietnam shall direct and organize exams for the selection of excellent students at the national level and assess and decide to handle special cases concerning the assurance of the purposes and requirements of the exam organization.

2. Annually, the Minister of Education and Training of Vietnam shall issue a decision to establish the Steering Committee for exams for the selection of excellent students at the national level (hereinafter referred to as "Exam Steering Committee").

a) The Head of the Committee shall be the Deputy Minister of Education and Training of Vietnam; the Vice Heads shall be heads of concerned units of the Ministry of Education and Training of Vietnam. Specifically, the Standing Vice Head is the head of the Department of Quality Control; Members are heads of several concerned units of the Ministry of Education and Training of Vietnam and the Ministry of Public Security of Vietnam; the Secretaries of the Exam Steering Committee are officials and public employees of the concerned unit of the Ministry of Education and Training of Vietnam and the Ministry of Public Security of Vietnam;

b) Tasks and entitlements of the Exam Steering Committee: Assist the Minister of Education and Training in directing the implementation of exam organization plans; direct and inspect the implementation of question paper setting, invigilation, marking, and re-marking; handle arising issues during the organization of exams and submit reports on the exam organization to the Minister of Education and Training of Vietnam and competent authorities.

c) Tasks and entitlements of members of the Exam Steering Committee: The Head of the Committee shall take responsibility for the results of the implementation of tasks of the Exam Steering Committee and enable members to perform the tasks and entitlements prescribed in Point b Clause 2 of this Article; Vice Heads, members, and secretaries of the Committee shall take responsibility for the results of the implementation of tasks and entitlement according to the assignment or authorization of the Head.

...

Thus, the Ministry of Education and Training will decide to organize the Exams for the Selection of Excellent Students at the National Level.

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