What are the guidelines for preparing a research report on medieval Vietnamese Literature - the humanitarian ideology in "Bình Ngô đại cáo"? Is "Bình Ngô đại cáo" a compulsory work in the Literature curriculum?

Research report on medieval Vietnamese Literature - the humanitarian ideology in "Bình Ngô đại cáo"

I. INTRODUCTION

"Bình Ngô đại cáo" by Nguyen Trai is an immortal literary piece in the history of medieval Vietnamese literature. The work was written in 1428, after the successful resistance against the Ming invaders. It is not only the declaration of independence of the nation but also profoundly reflects the humanitarian ideology of Nguyen Trai and the Le dynasty. The humanitarian ideology in the work aims to "pacify the people", protect individuals, and punish tyranny.

This report will clarify the humanitarian ideology presented in "Bình Ngô đại cáo" through specific arguments and noteworthy citations.

II. RESEARCH CONTENT

1. Concept of Humanitarianism in Nguyen Trai's Thought

Right from the beginning of the work, Nguyen Trai clearly asserts the concept of humanitarianism:

"The essence of humanitarianism lies in pacifying the people,

The army for punishment first worries about eliminating cruelty."

According to Nguyen Trai, humanitarianism is not only an abstract doctrine but is tied to the responsibility of protecting the populace and bringing a peaceful life to the masses. Humanitarianism means eliminating tyranny to protect the people, which is the highest goal of the Lam Son uprising.

2. Humanitarianism Associated with the Struggle Against the Ming Invaders

Nguyen Trai’s humanitarian thought is clearly expressed through the denunciation of the brutal crimes of the Ming invaders. The harsh oppression and exploitation by the Ming soldiers pushed the people into dire straits:

"Roasting the black people on the cruel flames,

Burying the innocent under the pit of calamity."

The Ming invaders "defiled humanity, devastated heaven and earth", which incited public fury. Therefore, the uprising against the Ming invaders by the Lam Son insurgents was not only aimed at liberating the country but also was an act of eliminating cruelty to save the people. This is a combination of patriotic spirit and profound humanity.

3. Humanitarianism in How to Treat the Enemy

The humanitarian ideology is not only evident through the purpose of the uprising but also in the lenient treatment of the enemy after they surrendered. The Lam Son army, despite their glorious victory, showed magnanimity, not annihilating to the end but providing a path of life for the defeated:

"Divine might does not kill, complying with heaven's will, we open a way for life."

Forgiving the enemy by offering a path to life not only reflects the humanitarian spirit but also demonstrates the strategic vision of Nguyen Trai and the Lam Son rebel army. They did not wish to prolong the war but desired to bring long-lasting peace to the nation and its people.

4. Humanitarianism Associated with National Spirit

The humanitarian ideology in "Bình Ngô đại cáo" also conveys a strong sense of national pride and consciousness. Nguyen Trai asserts the long-standing independence and cultural tradition of the Đại Việt state:

"As our Đại Việt state from ages past,

Has proclaimed an enduring cultural heritage."

Humanitarianism here is about protecting the nation's survival, maintaining independence and national sovereignty. The success of the Lam Son uprising ushered in a period of prosperity and restored lasting independence:

"The state from now is stable,

The territories from now are renewed."

5. The Significance of Humanitarian Ideology

The humanitarian ideology in "Bình Ngô đại cáo" reflects Nguyen Trai's progressive political views. It is the view of considering the people as the root, prioritizing the interests and peace of the people. This ideology contributes to asserting self-determination and national pride and leaves a valuable lesson on ethics and humanitarianism.

III. CONCLUSION

The humanitarian ideology in "Bình Ngô đại cáo" is the red thread running throughout the work and reflects Nguyen Trai’s grand thought. It is humanitarianism associated with pacifying the people, eliminating cruelty, and maintaining peace. This proclamation not only serves as the nation’s declaration of independence but also as a heroic ode to humanitarian spirit, patriotism, and the aspiration for peace. This ideology has significant meaning, helping to forge the national spirit through the ages.

IV. REFERENCES

1. Nguyen Trai, "Bình Ngô đại cáo".

2. Literature Textbook Grade 11, Volume 1, Vietnam Education Publishing House.

3. Tran Dinh Su (Chief Editor), History of Vietnamese Literature, Vietnam Education Publishing House.