Vietnam: How many pairs of chromosomes are there in humans? What is the grade at which students are taught about chromosomes?

How many pairs of chromosomes are there in humans?

In humans, each normal cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46 chromosomes.

22 pairs of autosomes: These are the same in both males and females and determine the general morphological and physiological characteristics of the body.

1 pair of sex chromosomes: Determine the sex. In females, it's XX, and in males, it's XY.

*Why do humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes?

Each pair consists of 1 chromosome from the father and 1 chromosome from the mother: This ensures genetic diversity, helping humans possess unique traits.

A stable number of chromosomes: Helps maintain the stability of biological processes in the body.

Abnormalities in the number of chromosomes

If the number of chromosomes is incorrect, it can lead to genetic diseases such as:

Down syndrome: There are 3 chromosomes of number 21 instead of 2.

Edwards syndrome: There are 3 chromosomes of number 18 instead of 2.

Patau syndrome: There are 3 chromosomes of number 13 instead of 2.

The importance of chromosome research

Better understanding of genetics: Help us understand more about genetic mechanisms, and genetic diseases, and find ways to prevent and treat them.

Applications in medicine: Be used in prenatal diagnostic tests, genetic disease screening, cancer research,...

*Note: The information on the number of pairs of chromosomes in humans is for reference only./.

How many pairs of chromosomes are there in humans? What is the grade at which students in Vietnam are taught about chromosomes? (Image from the Internet)

What is the grade at which students in Vietnam are taught about chromosomes?

Under Section 4 of the general education program for Natural Science issued with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT which stipulates the required specific competencies:

Chromosomes

- Concept of chromosomes

- Structure of chromosomes

- Characteristics of the chromosome set

- Chromosome set: diploid, haploid

- Chromosome mutation

Chromosomal inheritance

- Mitosis

- Meiosis

- Mechanism of sex determination

- Linked inheritance

Thus, according to the above regulation, students learn about chromosomes in the 9th-grade Natural Science curriculum.

What are the perspectives on the development of the Natural Science curriculum in Vietnam?

Under Section 2 of the general education program for Natural Science issued with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the Natural Science curriculum specifies the objectives and requirements of the overall curriculum while emphasizing the following perspective:

1. Integrated teaching

The Natural Science curriculum is built on the perspective of integrated teaching. Natural Science is a unified field in terms of subject matter, cognitive methods, general concepts, and principles, so teaching Natural Science should allow students to recognize this unity.

Moreover, competency development orientation, linked to practical situations, also necessitates the implementation of integrated teaching. The Natural Science curriculum also integrates and embeds several educational contents such as technical education, health education, environmental protection education, sustainable development,...

2. Inheritance and development

The Natural Science curriculum ensures the inheritance and development of the advantages of existing subject programs in Vietnam, while also absorbing the experience of constructing Natural Science curriculums from advanced education systems around the world; ensuring tight connectivity between classes and articulation with the primary education programs in Natural and Social Sciences, Science, and secondary education programs in Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and vocational education programs.

3. Comprehensive education

The Natural Science curriculum contributes to forming and developing student qualities and competencies through educational content with basic, practical, comprehensive, modern, and up-to-date knowledge and skills; placing emphasis on practice, applying knowledge, and skills to solve problems in study and life;

Through educational methods and organizational forms that promote the initiative and potential of each student; appropriate methods of testing and assessment aligned with educational objectives. The program ensures the development of student competencies through different educational levels and classes; facilitates transitions between different educational phases; and provides a basis for lifelong learning.

4. Combination of theory with practice and suitable to Vietnam's reality

Through practical activities in the laboratory and in real life, the Natural Science curriculum helps students master theory while also having the ability to apply scientific knowledge and skills to real-life situations.

The Natural Science subject pays attention to content knowledge close to students' daily lives, enhancing the application of scientific knowledge and skills to real-life situations; and contributes to developing in students the ability to adapt in an ever-changing world.

The Natural Science curriculum ensures feasibility and suitability with resources to implement the program, such as teachers, time, physical facilities,...