How many climate zones are there on Earth? What are the principles for selecting Geography textbooks in Vietnam?

How many climate zones are there on Earth? 

Earth has 5 climate zones: 1 tropical zone, 2 temperate zones, and 2 polar zones.

* Characteristics of the climate zones:

- Tropical Zone:

+ Boundaries: From 23°27' North to 23°27' South.

+ Characteristics: High temperatures year-round, average above 20°C; distinct wet and dry seasons; heavy rainfall, mainly concentrated in the wet season; diverse and abundant wildlife.

- Temperate Zone:

+ Boundaries: From 23°27' North to 66°33' North; 23°27' South to 66°33' South.

+ Characteristics: Temperature varies by season, with four distinct seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter; moderate and evenly distributed rainfall throughout the year; flora and fauna adapted to seasonal weather changes.

- Polar Zone:

+ Boundaries: From 66°33' North or South towards the poles.

+ Characteristics: Low temperatures year-round, long winters, short summers; scant precipitation, mainly as snow; scarce flora and fauna, adapted to cold; ice and snow cover most of the year.

How many climate zones are there on Earth? What are the principles for selecting Geography textbooks in Vietnam?​ (Image from the Internet)

What are the principles for selecting Geography textbooks in Vietnam?

According to Article 2 of Circular 27/2023/TT-BGDDT, the principles for selecting textbooks in educational institutions are as follows:

- Select textbooks from the list approved by the Minister of Education and Training for stable use in educational institutions.

- Each grade level selects one textbook for each subject or educational activity (including any optional study topics, if any) conducted in educational institutions (hereinafter referred to as subjects).

- The textbook selection process ensures democracy, objectivity, transparency, and the interests of students.

What are procedures for selecting geography textbooks in Vietnam?

The procedures for selecting geography textbooks in Vietnam are carried out according to Article 7 of Circular 27/2023/TT-BGDDT as follows:

(1) The council develops a plan for organizing the selection of textbooks for the educational institution and assigns tasks to the council members.

(2) Conduct the selection of textbooks at the specialized team level

- Based on the council's plan and textbook selection criteria, the head of the specialized team develops a plan for organizing the selection of textbooks for each subject within the specialized team, reporting to the head before implementation;

- Organize for all subject teachers at the educational institution (including permanent, contract, seconded, visiting, and inter-school teachers) to participate in selecting the textbooks for that subject;

- No later than 20 days before the first meeting of the specialized team, the head of the specialized team organizes for the subject teachers to review the textbooks, write feedback forms, and evaluate the textbooks according to the selection criteria;

- The head of the specialized team holds meetings with the subject teachers to discuss and vote to select one textbook for that subject. If there is only one textbook approved by the Minister of Education and Training, the specialized team selects from that decision, with no need for a vote.

+ The selected textbook must receive votes from at least 1/2 of the subject teachers. If no textbook receives votes from at least 1/2 of the subject teachers, the specialized team must discuss and vote again; the selected textbook is the one with the highest number of teacher votes in the second round.

In both voting rounds, if there are 2 or more textbooks with the highest equal number of votes, the head of the specialized team decides to select one of those textbooks.

+ Minutes are taken for meetings of the specialized team, including all feedback and evaluations by the subject teachers participating in the selection process, and are signed by the head of the specialized team and the person assigned to take the minutes;

- The head of the specialized team compiles the results, creates a list of textbooks selected by the specialized team, signed by the head of the specialized team and the person assigned to compile the textbook list.

(3) The council meets, discusses, and evaluates the organization of textbook selection by specialized teams; reviews the minutes of specialized team meetings; assesses feedback and evaluations of textbooks by teachers; aggregates the results of textbook selection by specialized teams into a report (including feedback and evaluations on the textbook selection process by specialized teams; list of textbooks selected by specialized teams), signed by the President and the Secretary of the council.

(4) The council proposes to the head the list of textbooks selected by the specialized teams in accordance with this Circular.

(5) The educational institution compiles a textbook selection dossier and submits it to the Department of Education and Training (for primary and secondary levels), the Department of Education and Training (for the high school level). The dossier includes:

+ Decision to establish the council of the educational institution;

+ Minutes of the council's meetings;

+ List of textbooks selected by the educational institution.