In Vietnam, what are the guidelines for preparing the shortest "Dương phụ hành" lesson? What are the requirements for the general education program?

Preparing the shortest "Dương phụ hành" lesson

1. Structure

The poem is divided into two main parts:

Part 1: Describes the image of the Western lady under the moonlight, together with her husband and the surrounding scenery.

Part 2: Expresses the emotions of the lady, the chill of the night, and feelings about separation, and farewell with the South.

2. Main Content of the Work

The author portrays the portrait of the Western lady, through which the poet reflects on beauty and talent, on happiness in reunification, and the pain in separation. During this journey, he had the opportunity to interact with Europeans, seeing many new things.

3. Artistic Techniques Used

- The "hanh" poetic form - an ancient style: Simple yet concise, capturing succinct ideas.

- Imagery: Uses familiar, easily understandable images combined with figurative language like "white as snow," "moonlight," creating a peaceful atmosphere.

- Expression: Depicts emotions through actions like "pulling clothes," "demanding her husband’s support," highlighting the mood and loneliness of the lady.

4. Analysis of the Work:

- Setting: A moonlit night on the ocean, with the cold sea breeze.

- Clothing: White clothes as snow, a beauty in pure white. The poet was amazed to see it for the first time, filled with emotions.

- Gestures and Language: The lady gazing at the Southern boat, seeing the bright firelight, leaning on her husband, pulling his clothes, speaking softly... Her hands "lazily holding the glass of milk." The strangest gesture is "asking her husband to support her up," coquettishly and lovingly. She is living in the joy and happiness of the couple's reunion.

In the Chinese text, the word "lang" (husband, beloved) is mentioned three times in lines 2, 4, 7. The whiteness of her clothes, the blue of the moon (blue moon), the brightness of the lantern's fire, and the cold of the ocean night's wind—all contribute to highlighting the beauty, soul, and happiness of the Western lady.

- The language and portrayal show an amazed perspective, a respectful attitude towards Europeans with a distant civilization, encountered for the first time. Medieval poetry often refers to beautiful people meaning fragile fate, but in this poem, the author describes the beauty in the couple's reunion happiness, a very new idea.

- Poet's Mood:

+ Line 6, describes the cold night sea: it's a feature that adds to the loneliness and coldness of the poet’s pain in separation.

+ Line 8 contrasts with the previous 7 lines: the poet asks (speaks to himself) "Does one know the Southern person is in separation?".

While others are happy in reunion, the poet is living in the sadness and loneliness of separation. The pain is multiplied in the circumstance of going for "duong trinh hieu luc", talent suppressed, fame unfinished, and experiencing many hardships on the path.

→ Just one line of poetry can express countless sentiments. Truly concise and expressive.