National Treasures of Vietnam

09:15, 11/07/2024

As of now, the Prime Minister of the Government of Vietnam has signed the decision to recognize the title of National Treasures for 118 artifacts that represent the distinctive characteristics of different eras and cultural regions across the country.

Each national treasure in Vietnam embodies the diverse, rich, and quintessential beauty of the nation's cultural and historical identity. These precious heritages need to be preserved, safeguarded, and promoted. Artifacts recognized as national treasures bear special cultural and historical significances and are protected and maintained by the State of Vietnam according to specific policies.

National treasures, classified as tangible cultural heritage, must meet the criteria stipulated in Clause 21, Article 1 of the 2009 Amended and Supplemented Law on Cultural Heritage to be recognized as national treasures:

- Be a unique and original artifact;

- Be an artifact of distinct form;

- Have special value related to a significant national event or associated with the career of a national hero, a notable figure; or be a famous artwork with intellectual, humanistic, or aesthetic values representing a particular style, era, or trend; or be an invention or practical innovation that significantly contributes to societal development during a specific historical period; or be a natural specimen that evidences the formation and development of the earth’s history or natural history.

Decree 98/2010/ND-CP clearly states: National treasures found underground on land, islands, inland waters, territorial waters, exclusive economic zones, and continental shelves, as regulated in Article 6 of the Law on Cultural Heritage, belong to the state according to civil law regulations when discovered.

National treasures in Vietnam must be registered with the competent state authority in culture, sports, and tourism. Organizations and individuals owning registered national treasures have rights as stipulated in Clause 3, Article 42 of the Amended 2009 Law on Cultural Heritage. When transferring ownership, the organization or individual must notify the competent state authority in culture, sports, and tourism about the new owner within 15 days from the date of transfer.

Below is the list of 118 national treasures of Vietnam recognized by the Prime Minister of the Government of Vietnam through five phases:

No.	Name of National Treasure
Phase 1 (signed on October 1, 2012)
1	Ngoc Lu Bronze Drum (Dong Son Culture)
2	Hoang Ha Bronze Drum (Dong Son Culture)
3	Dao Thinh Bronze Jar (Dong Son Culture)
4	Two Bronze Figures Carrying Each Other and Playing Flutes (Dong Son Culture)
5	Human-Shaped Bronze Lamp (Dong Son Culture)
6	Canh Thinh Bronze Drum (Tay Son era)
7	"Mon Ha Sanh" Bronze Seal (Tran Dynasty)
8	Ceramic Vase with Swan Designs (Le So era)
9	"Duong Kach Menh" Book (by President Ho Chi Minh)
10	"Nguc Trung Nhat Ky" (Prison Diary) (by President Ho Chi Minh)
11	Manuscript "Call for National Resistance" (handwritten by President Ho Chi Minh)
12	Manuscript "Call for All Countrymen and Soldiers" (President Ho Chi Minh read on Voice of Vietnam on July 17, 1966)
13	Will of President Ho Chi Minh
14	Dong Duong Buddha Statue (Champa Culture)
15	Devi Goddess Statue (Huong Que) (Champa Culture)
16	Vishnu God Statue (Oc Eo Culture)
17	Loi My Buddha Statue (Oc Eo Culture)
18	Surya God Statue (Oc Eo Culture)
19	Tara Bodhisattva Statue (Champa Culture)
20	My Son E1 Tower Altar (Champa Culture)
21	Tra Kieu Tower Altar (Champa Culture)
22	Amitabha Buddha Statue (Ly Dynasty)
23	Thousand-Handed and Thousand-Eyed Avalokitesvara Statue (Le Trung Hung era)
24	Nine Holy Cannons (Nguyen Dynasty)
25	Nine Dynasty Urns (Nguyen Dynasty)
26	37mm M1939 Anti-Aircraft Gun (61-K) (anti-aircraft weapon of the Vietnam People's Army during the historic Dien Bien Phu Campaign in 1954)
27	MiG-21F96, No. 5121 (combat aircraft of the Vietnam People's Air Force during the "Dien Bien Phu in the Air" campaign)
28	"Ho Chi Minh Campaign Diary" (handwritten diary detailing the military situation during the Ho Chi Minh Campaign from April 25 to May 1, 1975)
29	T-54B Tank, No. 843 (participated in the Ho Chi Minh Campaign, entered Independence Palace at noon on April 30, 1975)
30	T-59 Tank, No. 390 (participated in the Ho Chi Minh Campaign, entered Independence Palace at noon on April 30, 1975)
Phase 2 (signed on December 30, 2013)
1	Hung Temple Bronze Drum (Dong Son Culture)
2	Cam Giang I Bronze Drum (Dong Son Culture)
3	Viet Khe Boat-shaped Coffin (Dong Son Culture)
4	Hop Minh Bronze Jar (Dong Son Culture)
5	Bronze Belt Buckle Set (Dong Son Culture)
6	Nui Nua Short Sword (Dong Son Culture)
7	"Xa Loi Thap Minh" Stele (Year 601)
8	Thousand-Handed and Thousand-Eyed Avalokitesvara Statue (But Thap Pagoda, Bac Ninh)
9	Sung Thien Dien Linh Stele (Ly Dynasty)
10	Sung Khanh Pagoda Stele (Tran Dynasty)
11	Vinh Lang Lam Kinh Stele (Le Dynasty)
12	Binh Lam Pagoda Bell (Tran Dynasty)
13	Van Ban Pagoda Bell (Tran Dynasty)
14	Thien Mu Pagoda Great Bell (Nguyen Dynasty)
15	Stone Dragon (Serpent God) (Ly Dynasty)
16	Amitabha Buddha Statue (Ly Dynasty)
17	Thousand-Handed and Thousand-Eyed Avalokitesvara Statue (Le Trung Hung era)
18	Three Tam The Buddha Statues (Le Trung Hung era)
19	Statue of Queen Dowager Trinh Thi Ngoc Truc (Le Trung Hung era)
20	Set of Ceramic Candleholders and Incense Burner (Mac Dynasty)
21	Bronze Cauldron (Le Trung Hung era)
22	Cannon (Nguyen Dynasty)
23	Vo Canh Stele (Champa Culture)
24	Avalokitesvara Hoai Nhon Statue (Champa Culture)
25	Avalokitesvara Dai Huu Statue (Champa Culture)
26	Doc Chua Animal Statue (Dong Nai Culture)
27	Binh Hoa Buddha Statue (Oc Eo Culture)
28	Sa Dec Buddha Statue (Oc Eo Culture)
29	Vishnu God Statue (Oc Eo Culture, preserved at Dong Thap Provincial Museum)
30	Vishnu God Statue (Oc Eo Culture, preserved at Long An Provincial Museum)
31	Durga Goddess Statue (Oc Eo Culture)
32	Avalokitesvara Statue (Oc Eo Culture)
33	Gold Artifact Collection (Oc Eo Culture)
34	"Vườn Xuân Trung Nam Bắc" Painting (artwork by Nguyen Gia Tri)
35	"Hai Thieu Nu va Em Be" Painting (artwork by To Ngoc Van)
36	"Em Thuy" Painting (artwork by Tran Van Can)
37	"Beginning Communist Party Membership in Dien Bien Phu" Painting (artwork by Nguyen Sang)
Phase 3 (signed on January 14, 2015)
1	Huu Chung Bronze Drum (Dong Son Culture)
2	Thanh Mai Bell (Year 798)
3	Eighty-two Doctorate Steles in Van Mieu - Quoc Tu Giam, Hanoi (Years: 1484 – 1780)
4	"Khon Nguyen Chi Duc Chi Bi" Stele (15th century)
5	Thuy Mon Dinh Stele (Year 1670)
6	Thousand-Handed and Thousand-Eyed Avalokitesvara Statue at Dao Xuyen Pagoda (16th century)
7	Di Da Tam Ton Statue Set at Thay Pagoda (early 17th century)
8	Buddhist Statues from Tay Son Era at Tay Phuong Pagoda (late 18th century)
9	Ekamukhalinga/Linga with One Face of Shiva (early 8th century)
10	Banister (early 12th century)
11	Mic 21 Aircraft, No. 4324 (Artifact of the resistance against the United States)
12	Determination Map of the Ho Chi Minh Campaign (Artifact of the historical Ho Chi Minh Campaign)
Phase 4 (signed on December 23, 2015)
1	Co Loa Bronze Drum and the Collection of Bronze Plowshares (Dong Son Culture)
2	Lolo Bronze Drums Pair (Bronze Drums Group D, circa 5th century)
3	Single Pillar Buddha Pillar (Year 995, under King Le Dai Hanh)
4	Vishnu God Statue (6th century)
5	Lakshmi Goddess Statue (7th century)
6	Lakshmi Goddess Statue (7th century)
7	Shiva God Head Statue (circa early 10th century)
8	Sadashiva Statue (circa 12th century)
9	Shiva God Head Statue (circa 12th century)
10	Tran Vu Statue (Year 1802)
11	Van Trach Hoa Altar (9th-10th centuries)
12	Mahishasuramardini Goddess Relief (early 12th century)
13	Kham Lang Pagoda Altar (Year 1432)
14	Statue Relief Sculpture depicting King Lac Long Quan and Characters from the Hung Kings Period (late 19th-early 20th century)
15	House Model (Tran Dynasty)
16	"Thanh Hu Dong" Stele (Long Khanh era (1372-1377), under King Tran Due Tong)
17	Nam Giao Stele (Year 1679, under King Le Hy Tong’s Vinh Tri 4th Year)
18	Khiem Cung Ky Stele (Year 1875)
19	Collection of Nguyen Lord Bronze Cauldrons (Years: 1659 – 1684)
20	Cuu Pham Lien Hoa Pagoda at Giam Pagoda (17th century)
21	Ceramic Lamp (Diên Thành 5th Year (1582))
22	Bat Trang Pottery Long Dinh (17th century)
23	Sac Menh Chi Bao Seal (Minh Mang 8th Year (1827))
24	Nguyen Dynasty Throne (Years: 1802-1945)
25	Sacrificial Dress (Years: 1802- 1945)
Phase 5 (signed on December 22, 2016)
1	Linga - Yoni Statue (5th – 6th centuries)
2	Tra Lien 1 Relief (late 9th century)
3	Tra Lien 2 Relief (late 9th century)
4	Brahama God Relief (12th-13th centuries)
5	Brown Glazed Ceramic Pot (13th-14th centuries, Tran Dynasty)
6	"Thanh Mai Vien Thong Thap Bi" Stele (Year 1362 under King Tran Du Tong)
7	Le Thai To King Stele (Year 1431)
8	"Dai Viet Lam Son Chieu Lang Bi" Stele (late 15th century)
9	Da Quan Pagoda Bell Pair (Year 1611, Mac Dynasty)
10	Zen Master Vu Khac Minh and Zen Master Vu Khac Truong Statues (mid-17th century)
11	Tran Vu Statue at Quan Thanh Temple (late 17th-early 18th centuries)
12	Cuu Pham Lien Hoa Pagoda at Dong Ngo Pagoda (Year 1692, under King Le Hy Tong)
13	“Đại Việt quốc Nguyễn chúa vĩnh trấn chi bảo” Golden Seal (Vĩnh Thịnh 5th year (1709))
14	Set of Decrees by the Provisional Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (from August 30, 1945 to February 28, 1946)

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