Guidelines for the operation of domestic solid waste incinerators, exhaust gas treatment systems in Vietnam from February 3, 2025

Guidelines for the operation of domestic solid waste incinerators, exhaust gas treatment systems in Vietnam from February 3, 2025​ (Image from the Internet)

Guidelines for the operation of domestic solid waste incinerators, exhaust gas treatment systems in Vietnam from February 3, 2025

According to the provisions of Clause 3, Article 17 of Circular 35/2024/TT-BTNMT, the operation of domestic solid waste incinerators, exhaust gas treatment systems, pre-treatment of fly ash systems, and bottom ash collection is conducted as follows:

- Load domestic solid waste with required moisture content and specific heat value from the waste storage pit into the receiving hopper of the incinerator using a grab bucket or feeding equipment;

- Operate the incinerator according to the correct procedure and designed capacity. Continuously monitor the parameters and technical requirements of the incinerator (pressure, air supply rate, oxygen concentration, temperature, combustion residence time, etc.) throughout the incineration process. Inject supplemental fuel if the required temperature is not met according to regulations;

- Operate the exhaust gas treatment system to process dust, nitrogen oxides (NO_x), sulfur dioxide (SO_x), hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydrofluoric acid (HF), and organic compounds (VOC), dioxins, furans, etc., ensuring that post-treatment emissions meet environmental technical standards as per regulations. Operate automatic, continuous monitoring systems for exhaust gases, and transmit monitoring data to the environmental management authority as required;

- Control and moisten bottom ash to minimize dust generation; transport bottom ash to areas designated for storage and processing as per regulations;

- Add complexing agents to fly ash to limit the dispersion of heavy metals from the fly ash into the environment; transport to storage areas; classify, manage, and process fly ash according to regulations.

Preparatory work for operating domestic solid waste incineration facilities without energy recovery in Vietnam from February 3, 2025

The preparatory work for operating domestic solid waste incineration facilities without energy recovery is specifically stipulated in Clause 1, Article 18 of Circular 35/2024/TT-BTNMT as follows:

- Arrange workers to receive and pre-process domestic solid waste; operate domestic solid waste incinerators, exhaust gas treatment systems, and systems for the collection and storage of fly ash and bottom ash; operate water supply systems (for facilities using well water); operate wastewater treatment systems; maintain environmental sanitation and occupational safety;

- Prepare personal protective equipment (work clothes, protective footwear or boots, helmets, glasses, gloves, masks, safety harnesses, etc.); brooms, shovels, and other necessary labor tools for the reception and pre-processing of domestic solid waste; operation of domestic solid waste incinerators, exhaust gas treatment systems, and systems for the collection and storage of fly ash and bottom ash; operation of water supply systems (for facilities using well water); operation of wastewater treatment systems;

- Prepare materials and chemicals for receiving and pre-processing domestic solid waste (deodorants, insecticides, water, etc.); prepare materials and chemicals for the operation of incinerators (fuel), exhaust gas treatment systems (materials and chemicals for processing dust, nitrogen oxides (NO_x), sulfur dioxide (SO_x), hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydrofluoric acid (HF), and absorbent materials for organic compounds (VOC), dioxins, furans, etc.); prepare materials and chemicals for the operation of wastewater treatment systems (neutralizing chemicals, coagulants, flocculants, disinfectants, filter materials, etc.); collect and store fly ash, bottom ash, and other necessary materials and chemicals;

- Inspect machinery and equipment in the area for receiving and pre-processing domestic solid waste (weighing stations, grab machines, vehicle washing stations, etc.); technical condition of the incinerators (primary and secondary combustion chambers) must meet the technical requirements for domestic solid waste incinerators; exhaust gas treatment systems; collection and storage of fly ash and bottom ash; wastewater treatment (chemical pumps, wastewater pumps, mixers, aerators, etc.) and other necessary machinery and equipment to ensure compliance with technical requirements as prescribed.

More details can be found in Circular 35/2024/TT-BTNMT effective from February 3, 2025.

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