Which victory forced the United States to resume negotiations in Paris? In Vietnam, is History a paper in the High School Graduation Exam 2025?
Which victory forced the United States to resume negotiations in Paris?
The victory of the Dien Bien Phu in the Air campaign by the military and people of the North forced the United States to resume negotiations in Paris.
At the end of 1972, the United States launched the largest aerial bombing campaign in history, using B-52 aircraft to intensely bombard Hanoi, Hai Phong, and key areas of North Vietnam. This campaign aimed to pressure Vietnam into concessions during the Paris negotiations. However, the resilience and brave fighting of the Vietnamese military and people during the historic 12-day battle compelled the United States to resume negotiations in Paris.
From December 18 to December 29, 1972, in just 12 days, the military and people of the North shot down 81 American aircraft, including 34 B-52s—aircraft considered to be invincible "flying fortresses."
As a result of this victory, the United States was forced to concede. On December 30, 1972, President Nixon ordered a halt to the bombing of the North and returned to the negotiating table. This was a significant turning point, forcing the United States to resume negotiations in Paris with terms beneficial to Vietnam. On January 27, 1973, the Paris Agreement was signed, marking the end of the prolonged war and paving the way for peace and independence for the Vietnamese nation.
The victory of Dien Bien Phu in the Air was not only a military success but also a tremendous diplomatic achievement, forcing the United States to resume negotiations in Paris, and contributing to affirming the resilience and strength of the Vietnamese nation.
Note: Content for reference only!
Which victory forced the United States to resume negotiations in Paris? In Vietnam, is History a paper in the High School Graduation Exam 2025? (Image from the Internet)
In Vietnam, is History a paper in the High School Graduation Exam 2025?
According to Article 3 of the Regulations on High School Graduation Exams issued with Circular 24/2024/TT-BGDDT:
Papers
The exam is organized in 03 sessions: 01 session for Literature paper, 01 session for Mathematics paper, and 01 session for elective paper, including 02 subjects selected from Physics, Chemistry, Biology, History, Geography, Economic and Legal Education, Informatics, Technology with an Industrial Orientation (abbreviated as Industrial Technology), Technology with an Agricultural Orientation (abbreviated as Agricultural Technology), Foreign Languages (English, Russian, French, Chinese, German, Japanese, and Korean).
Thus, History is one of the elective subjects for the High School Graduation Exam 2025.
What are the working principles of the Question Paper Printing-Copying Board for the High School Graduation Exam 2025 in Vietnam?
Under Article 12 of the Regulations on High School Graduation Exams issued with Circular 24/2024/TT-BGDDT:
Question Paper Printing-Copying Board
1. Composition:
a) The Head of the Board is concurrently a leader of the Examination Council;
b) Deputy Heads are: Leaders at the division level of the Department of Education and Training and/or leaders of secondary schools and/or leaders of lower secondary schools;
c) Secretary and members (including 01 member assigned as a supervisor) are: officials, public employees of the Department of Education and Training and/or leaders, teachers of secondary schools and/or leaders, teachers of lower secondary schools;
d) Cryptographic forces;
dd) Police forces dispatched by the provincial police;
e) Security, medical, and service staff.
2. Working Principles:
a) The Question Paper Printing-Copying Board works intensively according to the principle of strict isolation from the start of unsealing the original test envelopes (or from the start of decryption) until the end of the last exam session;
b) Individuals who have entered the first circle of the question paper printing-copying area must be strictly isolated until the end of the last exam session. In special cases, the President of the Examination Council decides whether to allow a member of the Question Paper Printing-Copying Board to leave the isolation area and arrange methods to ensure absolute confidentiality of the question papers;
c) Equipment or machinery that becomes damaged during the question paper printing-copying process may only be removed from the printing area after the end of the last exam session.
3. Duties and Powers:
a) Receive the original sealed question papers from the Question Paper Setting Council issued by the National Exam Steering Committee or the encrypted question papers transferred by the Question Paper Setting Council through the system of the Cryptographic Board the Government of Vietnam; organize printing, packing, sealing, storage; hand over the exam packages to the Question Paper Delivery and Handover Board;
b) Carry out tasks as required and instructed by the President of the Question Paper Setting Council , President of the Examination Council (if any).
...
Thus, the Question Paper Printing-Copying Board for the High School Graduation Exam 2025 works intensively according to the principle of strict isolation from the start of unsealing the original test envelopes (or from the start of decryption) until the end of the last exam session.
