What is the United States' type of warfare after the "Special War" strategy failed? What is the mission of the History subject in Vietnam?
What is the United States' type of warfare after the "Special War" strategy failed?
In mid-1965, after the "Special War" strategy failed, the United States was compelled to shift its strategy to a "Local War" approach to salvage the situation in South Vietnam.
The "Special War" (1961-1965) was a new colonial type of warfare where the United States utilized the Saigon army as the main force, combined with military and economic aid, and tactics like the "strategic hamlet" to isolate the revolution. However, this strategy quickly failed under the brilliant leadership of the Communist Party and the united strength of the Vietnamese people.
The main reasons leading to the failure of the "Special War" include:
- The liberation army in the South grew increasingly strong, capable of confronting and defeating the tactics of the United States.
- The "strategic hamlet" policy faced fierce opposition, preventing the United States from controlling the countryside as planned.
- Stunning victories of the liberation army, such as the Ap Bac battle (1963) and the Binh Gia campaign (1964-1965), demonstrated the incompetence of the Saigon army and the American strategy.
The Victory at Binh Gia by the liberation army marked a significant defeat for the "Special War" strategy, forcing the United States to change its approach. In 1965, the United States switched to a "Local War" strategy, directly deploying expeditionary forces, combined with allied forces and the Saigon army.
What is the United States' type of warfare after the "Special War" strategy failed? What is the mission of the History subject in Vietnam? (Image from the Internet)
What is the mission of the History subject in Vietnam?
Under the General Education Program for the subject of History issued with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the mission of the History subject is to help students form and develop historical competence, a component of scientific competence while contributing to the formation and development of essential qualities and general abilities identified in the overall program.
The History subject plays a leading role in educating patriotism, national pride, historical and cultural traditions, helping students understand and apply historical lessons to solve real-life issues, developing a vision, consolidating human values, community spirit, tolerance, and kindness; contributing to the formation and development of the characteristics of Vietnamese citizens and global citizens in the development trend of the era.
The History subject forms and develops historical thinking, systematic thinking, critical thinking, skills in exploiting and using historical sources, and understanding and presenting history in diachronic and synchronic logic, connecting the past with the present.
The History subject helps students recognize the scientific and practical value of history in modern social life, fosters understanding, and love for national and human history and culture; and guides students toward choosing careers in social sciences and humanities, diplomacy, management, tourism activities, cultural industries, media, etc.
How many lessons does the 12th-grade History curriculum in Vietnam include?
Under the General Education Program for the History subject issued with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the regulations are as follows:
The duration by each grade is 105 lessons per academic year, taught over 35 weeks. The time allocated for core content topics is 70 lessons. The projected percentage of time allocated for each content strand is as follows:
| Content Strand | Grade 10 | Grade 11 | Grade 12 |
| CAREER-ORIENTED TOPIC | |||
| - History and Historiography | 8% | ||
| - The Role of Historiography | 8% | ||
| WORLD HISTORY | |||
| - Some World Civilizations in Ancient - Medieval Times | 10% | ||
| - Industrial Revolutions in World History | 10% | ||
| - Bourgeois Revolutions and the Development of Capitalism | 10% | ||
| - Formation and Development of Socialism | 10% | ||
| - The World During and After the Cold War | 8% | ||
| - The Socio-economic Development Process of the United States from 1945 to the Present | 7% | ||
| - China's Reform and Opening Up since 1978 | 7% | ||
| SOUTHEAST ASIAN HISTORY | |||
| - Southeast Asian Civilization | 8% | ||
| - The Process of National Independence of Southeast Asian Countries | 8% | ||
| - ASEAN: Historical Milestones | 8% | ||
| VIETNAM HISTORY | |||
| - Some Civilizations in Vietnam (before 1858) | 16% | ||
| - The Community of Ethnic Groups in Vietnam | 10% | ||
| - Wars of National Defense and Liberation in Vietnam's History (before the August Revolution of 1945) | 12% | ||
| - Vietnamese Villages in History | 10% | ||
| - Some Major Reforms in Vietnam's History (before 1858) | 12% | ||
| - History of Sovereignty Protection, Legal Rights, and Interests of Vietnam in the East Sea | 8% | ||
| - The August 1945 Revolution, National Liberation Wars and Defense Wars in Vietnam's History (from August 1945 to Present) | 12% | ||
| - Renovation in Vietnam since 1986 | 10% | ||
| - History of Vietnam's Foreign Relations | 10% | ||
| - Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam's History | 8% | ||
| PERIODIC ASSESSMENT | 10% | 10% | 10% |
| PRACTICING HISTORY | 20% | 20% | 20% |
The time allocated for academic topics is 35 lessons. The projected number of lessons for academic topics (including assessment and testing) is as follows:
| Content Strand | Grade 10 | Grade 11 | Grade 12 |
| CAREER-ORIENTED TOPIC | |||
| Topic 10.1: Fields of Historiography | 10 | ||
| PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE TOPIC | |||
| Topic 10.2: Preservation and Promotion of Cultural Heritage Values in Vietnam | 15 | ||
| Topic 11.1: History of Traditional Vietnamese Arts | 15 | ||
| Topic 12.1: History of Beliefs and Religions in Vietnam | 15 | ||
| ADVANCED KNOWLEDGE TOPIC | |||
| Topic 10.3: State and Law of Vietnam in History | 10 | ||
| Topic 11.2: War and Peace in the 20th Century | 10 | ||
| Topic 11.3: Figures in Vietnam's History | 10 | ||
| Topic 12.2: Japan: Historical Journey from 1945 to Present | 10 | ||
| Topic 12.3: Vietnam's International Integration Process | 10 |
Thus, the duration for the 12th-grade History curriculum is 105 lessons over 35 weeks plus 35 lessons for academic topics.
