What is the sample summary of the developments of World War II? What are the objectives of the History program for upper secondary school students in Vietnam?

What is the sample summary of the developments of World War II?

World War II is one of the largest conflicts in history, occurring from 1939 to 1945. This war revolved around two main factions: the Allies (Britain, the Soviet Union, the United States, China, etc.) and the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, Japan).

* The development of World War II can be divided into the following stages:

1. Initial Phase (1939-1941):

- In 1939: Nazi Germany, led by Adolf Hitler, attacked Poland on September 1, 1939. Britain and France declared war on Germany, marking the start of the war.

- In 1940: Germany employed the "Blitzkrieg" tactic, quickly capturing countries: Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. Paris fell in June 1940.

- Battle of Britain (1940): Germany conducted large-scale air raids to seize Britain but failed.

- Italy joins the war: Italy joined the Axis Powers, expanding the conflict in North Africa and the Balkans.

- Japan's expansion in Asia: Japan occupied many regions in China and Southeast Asia, initiating a plan for Pacific domination.

2. Expansion Phase (1941-1943):

- In 1941: Germany invaded the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa): Germany broke the non-aggression pact and attacked the Soviet Union. However, the campaign was halted at the Moscow front.

- Japan attacked Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941): Japan unexpectedly attacked the US fleet in Hawaii, bringing the US into the war.

- Pacific theater expansion: Japan seized large territories such as the Philippines, Indochina, Malaysia, and Indonesia.

3. Counteroffensive Phase (1943-1944):

- Key battles (1942-1943):

+ Battle of Stalingrad (1942-1943): The Soviet Union achieved a significant victory, pushing back German forces, marking a turning point on the Eastern Front.

+ Battle of El Alamein (1942): The Allies repelled German and Italian forces from North Africa.

+ Battle of Midway (1942): The US Navy defeated Japan, weakening Japanese forces in the Pacific.

+ In 1943: Allies landed in Sicily and southern Italy, leading to Mussolini losing power.

4. Concluding Phase (1944-1945):

- Allies landed in Normandy, France, opening the Western Front and advancing to liberate Paris on June 6, 1944.

- Soviet counteroffensive: The Soviet army conducted major campaigns, recapturing territories and approaching Berlin.

- April 1945: Hitler committed suicide, Germany surrendered unconditionally on May 8, 1945, ending the war in Europe.

- August 1945: The US dropped two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, forcing Japan to surrender unconditionally on September 2, 1945, ending the world war.

==> Outcome of World War II:

- Casualties: Approximately 70-85 million people died, including civilians and military personnel.

- Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, Japan collapsed.

- The United Nations was established to maintain peace.

- The Cold War erupted between the US and the Soviet Union, shaping the world in the latter half of the 20th century.

Note: Content is for reference purposes only!

What is the sample summary of the developments of World War II? What are the objectives of the History program for upper secondary school students in Vietnam?​ (Image from the Internet)

What are the objectives of the History program for upper secondary school students in Vietnam?​

Based on Section III of the Literature Program in the General Education Program issued with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT (amended by Article 2 of Circular 13/2022/TT-BGDDT), the objectives of the History program for upper secondary school students in Vietnam are stipulated as follows:

The History curriculum helps students develop historical capacity, a manifestation of scientific capacity formed at the lower secondary level; contributes to educating the spirit of nationalism, patriotism, the beautiful traditional values of the nation, and the cultural essence of humanity; instills the qualities and capacities of Vietnamese citizens and global citizens suitable to the developmental trend of the era; and helps students to approach and clearly understand the roles and characteristics of historical science as well as the connections between history and other scientific fields and careers, laying a foundation for students to orient their future careers.

What are the specific competency requirements for History program for upper secondary school students in Vietnam?​

Based on Section IV of the Literature Program in the General Education Program issued with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT (amended by Article 2 of Circular 13/2022/TT-BGDDT), the specific competency requirements for History program for upper secondary school students in Vietnam are stipulated as follows:

The History curriculum helps students develop historical capacity based on basic and advanced knowledge of world, regional, and Vietnamese history through a system of themes and topics on political, economic, social, cultural, and civilization history. Historical capacity consists of the components: understanding history, historical awareness and thinking, applying learned knowledge and skills.

Specific manifestations of historical capacity are presented in the table below:

- Understanding history:

+ Identify different types of historical documents; understand the content, exploit, and use historical documents in the learning process.

+ Reconstruct and present orally or in writing the progression of events, figures, and historical processes from simple to complex; determine historical events in specific space and time.

- Historical awareness and thinking:

+ Explain the origins and movements of historical events from simple to complex; point out the development of history chronologically and synchronically; compare the similarities and differences between historical events, and explain the causal relationships in historical progress.

+ Provide personal opinions, assessments of events, figures, and historical processes based on historical awareness and thinking; understand the continuity and change of history; be able to think in different directions when considering, evaluating, or seeking answers about a historical event, figure, or process.

- Applying learned knowledge and skills:

Draw historical lessons and apply historical knowledge to explain practical life issues; based on this, have the capacity to self-learn historical issues, developing creative capacity, the ability to access and process information from different sources, and have the awareness and capacity for lifelong history learning.