What is the Newton's Second Law? What are details of the Newton's Second Law? When do students in Vietnam learn about the Newton's Second Law?
What is the Newton's Second Law? What are details of the Newton's Second Law?
Newton's Second Law is one of the three famous laws of motion by physicist Isaac Newton, describing the relationship between the force applied to an object and the acceleration it gains.
Students can refer to Newton's Second Law below:
What is Newton's Second Law? What are details of the Newton's Second Law?
Statement of Newton's Second Law:
The acceleration of an object is in the direction of the force applied to it. The magnitude of the acceleration is directly proportional to the magnitude of the force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.
*Mathematical Formula:
F = m.a
*Where:
F: Force applied to the object (N)
m: Mass of the object (kg)
a: Acceleration of the object (m/s²)
*Physical Significance of Newton's Second Law:
Force is the cause of acceleration: When a force is applied to an object, the object will move faster, slower, or change direction. The greater the force, the greater the acceleration.
Mass as a measure of inertia: Objects with different masses will have different resistance levels to changes in velocity. An object with a larger mass will be more difficult to change velocity compared to an object with a smaller mass.
*Illustrative Example:
Pushing a cart: When you push an empty cart, it moves faster compared to when you apply the same force to a cart full of goods. This is because the mass of the loaded cart is greater, so its acceleration is smaller.
A ball being kicked: When you kick a ball, the ball will travel at a certain velocity. The greater the force your foot applies to the ball, the faster the ball will travel.
*Note: Information is for reference purposes only.
What is the Newton's Second Law? What are details of the Newton's Second Law? When do students in Vietnam learn about the Newton's Second Law? (Image from Internet)
When do students in Vietnam learn about the Newton's Second Law?
Based on Section 5 of the Appendix to the General Education Program for Physics issued with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the content to be achieved in the Grade 10 Physics curriculum is as follows:
*The three Newton’s laws of motion
- Conduct experiments, or use given data to deduce a ~ F, a ~ 1/m, and hence deduce the expression a = F/m or F = ma (Newton's Second Law).
- From the obtained results (derived from experiments or using given data), or reasoning based on a = F/m, state that mass is a quantity characterizing the inertia of an object.
- State Newton's First Law and illustrate it with specific examples.
- Apply the derived unit relationships with the 7 base units of the SI system.
- State: the gravitational force on an object is the attractive force between Earth and the object; the center of gravity of an object is the point where gravitational force acts on the object; the weight of an object is calculated by the product of the object's mass and free-fall acceleration.
- Describe using real-world examples of equal and unequal forces.
- Provide a qualitative description of falling motion in a uniform gravitational field with air resistance.
- Conduct a project or research topic on applying the increase or decrease of air resistance based on the shape of an object.
- State Newton's Third Law, illustrate it with a specific example; apply Newton's Third Law in some simple cases.
Thus, Newton's Second Law is taught in the Grade 10 Physics curriculum.
What are topics in the Grade 10 Physics curriculum in Vietnam?
Based on Section 5 of the Appendix to the General Education Program for Physics issued with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the topics in the Grade 10 Physics curriculum are as follows:
Topic 10.1. Physics in various professions
An overview of the development of physics:
- Discuss, propose, select options and complete Learning Tasks to:
+ Provide a brief overview of the emergence and initial achievements of experimental physics.
+ Provide a brief overview of the role of Newtonian mechanics in the development of Physics.
+ List some main research branches of classical physics.
+ State the crisis of physics at the end of the 19th century, paving the way for the emergence of modern physics.
+ List some major fields of modern physics.
Introduction to research fields in physics
- State the research subjects; list a few simple theoretical models, some experimental methods of some major fields of modern physics.
- Discuss, propose, select options and complete Learning Tasks to explore models, scientific theories that have been developed and applied to improve current technologies as well as develop new technologies.
Introduction to the applications of physics in various professions
- Provide practical examples of using physics knowledge in various fields (Military; Nuclear Industry; Meteorology; Agriculture, Forestry; Finance; Electronics; Mechanics, Automation; Information, Communication; Scientific Research).
Topic 10.2. Earth and the sky
Determining directions
- Identify on a star map (or with practical instruments) the positions of constellations: Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Cassiopeia.
- Identify the position of the North Star in the night sky.
Visible motion characteristics of some celestial bodies against the starry sky
- Use the solar system model, discuss to state some basic characteristics of the apparent motion of the Sun, Moon, Venus, and Mercury against the starry sky.
- Use Copernicus's heliocentric model to explain some observable characteristics of the Sun, Moon, Venus, and Mercury against the starry sky.
Some astronomical phenomena
- Use images (or multimedia materials), discuss to provide a rudimentary and qualitative explanation of phenomena: solar eclipse, lunar eclipse, tides.
Topic 10.3. Physics and environmental protection education
The necessity of environmental protection
- Discuss, propose, select options and complete learning tasks to explore:
+ The necessity of environmental protection in the development strategies of countries.
+ The role of individuals and communities in environmental protection.
Physics with environmental protection education
- Discuss, propose, select options and complete learning tasks to explore:
+ The impact of current energy use on the environment, economy, and climate of Vietnam.
+ An overview of pollutants in fossil fuels, acid rain, nuclear energy, ozone layer depletion, climate change.
- Discuss, propose, select options and complete learning tasks to explore:
+ Classification of fossil and renewable energy.
+ The role of renewable energy.
+ Basic technologies for obtaining renewable energy.
