What does dust explosion mean? What is the first academic topic of the 10th-grade Chemistry curriculum in Vietnam?

What does dust explosion mean?

"dust explosion" refers to a hazardous phenomenon that occurs when fine, combustible dust particles are dispersed in the air and come into contact with a significant heat source. At that point, the mixture of dust and air will ignite rapidly, creating a powerful explosion. The shock wave from the explosion can cause severe damage to people and properties, destroying structures, and equipment, and causing environmental pollution.

10th-grade students shall learn dust explosion in the Chemistry curriculum.

Students and teachers may refer to the following information about the definition of dust explosion.

**Note: information about the definition of dust explosion is for reference only.

What does dust explosion mean? What is the first academic topic of the 10th-grade Chemistry curriculum in Vietnam? (Image from the Internet)

What is the first academic topic of the 10th-grade Chemistry curriculum in Vietnam?

According to Section 5 of the Annex of the General Education Program for Chemistry, issued with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the academic topics of the 10th-grade Chemistry curriculum are prescribed as follows:

Academic topic

Content

Requirements

Topic 10.1: FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY

Chemical Bonds

- Write Lewis formulas, use the VSEPR model to predict geometry for some simple molecules.

- Explain the concept of AO hybridization (sp, sp2, sp3), apply to explain bonding in some molecules (CO2; BF3; CH4;...).

Nuclear Reactions

- Provide an overview of natural radioactivity; Give examples of natural radioactivity.

- Apply the laws of conservation of mass number and charge to nuclear reactions.

- Provide an overview of artificial radioactivity, nuclear reactions.

- Discuss the applications of nuclear reactions for research, life, and production.

- List typical applications of nuclear reactions: dating artifacts, applications in healthcare, energy, etc.

Activation Energy of Chemical Reactions

- Present the concept of activation energy (in terms of its effect on reaction rate).

- Discuss the effect of activation energy and temperature on reaction rate using the Arrhenius equation k = A. .

- Explain the role of catalysts.

Entropy and Gibbs Free Energy Change

- Define Entropy S (a quantity characterizing the disorder of a system).

- Explain the significance of the sign and value of the Gibbs Free Energy Change (without explaining ΔrG, just state: To determine the direction of a reaction, one refers to the Gibbs Free Energy Change ΔrG) for reaction (ΔG) to predict or explain the direction of a chemical reaction.

- Calculate ΔrGo using the formula ΔrGo = ΔrHo - T.ΔrSo from a table of standard values of ΔfHo and So of substances.

Topic 10.2: CHEMISTRY IN FIRE AND EXPLOSION PREVENTION

.....

Thus, according to the above regulations, the first academic topic of the 10th-grade Chemistry curriculum in Vietnam is the fundamentals of chemistry.

What does the 10th-grade Chemistry teaching equipment in Vietnam include?

Under Section 8 of the Annex of the General Education Program for Chemistry, issued with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the regulations on 10th-grade Chemistry teaching equipment are as follows:

- Equipment for demonstration and illustration

+ Periodic table of elements; solubility table of salts and hydroxides; electron configuration chart for metals/ transition metal ions of the first series; color chart of some compounds of transition metals.

+ Pictures illustrating the geometry of some complexes, Cu2+ salts in aqueous solvent; structures of some biological complexes such as heme B, chlorophyll, vitamin B12, and those used in medicine like cisplatin, carboplatin,...; 3R symbols; aluminum recycling; silicate industry; production of cement, industrial, and craft ceramics. Diagram of distillation, refining, and applications of crude oil. Pictures of applications of alkanes, alkenes, alkadienes, arenes in practice; applications of halogen derivatives; alcohol and phenol in practice; roles of amino acids, glucose, and starch in life.

+ Models/ assembly kits for open structure and dense structure of some alkanes; benzene, halogen derivatives, ethylic alcohol (ethanol) and phenol; amines, amino acids, peptides, and proteins.

- Electronic learning materials:

+ Software: calculation software; virtual experiment software.

+ Videos of some hazardous, explosive, or complex experiments,... such as experiments with chlorine, bromine,... alkali metals, alkaline earth metals interacting with water,...

- Equipment for practical work

+ Analysis and measurement tools: set for electrolysis of copper (II) sulfate solution and sodium chloride solution; tools for conductivity tests; handheld pH meters;...

+ Sufficient equipment, tools, and chemicals according to the minimum teaching equipment list stipulated by the Ministry of Education and Training.