What is China's Belt and Road Initiative? What are the contents and required outcomes regarding the Geography section in the 9th-grade History and Geography curriculum in Vietnam?
What is China's Belt and Road Initiative?
China's Belt and Road Initiative (abbreviated as BRI) was proposed by Chinese President Xi Jinping in 2013 to enhance China's economic connectivity and geopolitical influence globally. The Belt and Road Initiative comprises three main pillars:
- Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB): Focusing on connecting China with Europe through Central Asia, Russia, and Mongolia.
- 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (MSR): Building international economic corridors across the Indian Ocean, connecting China with South Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Europe.
- Digital Silk Road (DSR): Aiming to build an information superhighway, including submarine optical cables, data centers, and smart cities.
China's Belt and Road Initiative has had far-reaching impacts on many aspects:
- Economy: Enhancing trade and investment between China and participating countries, helping to develop infrastructure and accelerate economic growth.
- Politics - Geopolitics: Increasing China's geopolitical influence, reducing the influence of other powers such as the United States and the European Union.
- Society and Environment: Creating many job opportunities but also sparking controversies over debt burdens and negative environmental impacts.
In summary, the Belt and Road Initiative is an ambitious global strategy by China aimed at enhancing geopolitical and economic standing. Vietnam participates in some activities and projects within the BRI framework. However, Vietnam is also cautious about the challenges related to geopolitical influence and national interests when engaging in these initiatives.
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What is China's Belt and Road Initiative? What are the contents and required outcomes regarding the Geography section in the 9th-grade History and Geography curriculum in Vietnam? (Image from the Internet)
What are the contents and required outcomes regarding the Geography section in the 9th-grade History and Geography curriculum in Vietnam?
Based on the General Education Program for History and Geography issued with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the contents and required outcomes for the Geography section in the 9th-grade History and Geography curriculum in Vietnam are as follows:
| Content | Required outcomes |
| GEOGRAPHY OF VIETNAM'S POPULATION | |
| - Ethnic composition | - Describe the distribution characteristics of Vietnam's ethnic groups. |
| - Population growth in different periods | - Draw and evaluate charts on population growth. |
| - Age and gender structure of the population | - Analyze changes in the age and gender structure of the population. |
| - Population distribution | - Read the Vietnam Population map to derive population distribution characteristics. |
| - Urban and rural settlement types | - Describe the differences between urban and rural settlements. |
| - Labor and employment | - Analyze the employment issues in the locality. |
| - Quality of life | - Comment on income disparity by regions from provided data tables. |
| GEOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC SECTORS | |
| AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, FISHERIES | |
| - Major factors affecting the development and distribution of agriculture, forestry, fisheries | - Analyze one of the major factors affecting the development and distribution of agriculture. |
| - Development and distribution of agriculture, forestry, fisheries | - Analyze characteristics of forest resources distribution and fisheries resources. - Describe development and distribution of agriculture, forestry, fisheries. - Research information, write a short report on some effective agricultural production models. |
| - Green agriculture development issues | - Describe the significance of developing green agriculture. |
| INDUSTRY | |
| - Factors affecting the development and distribution of industry | - Analyze the role of one important factor affecting industrial development and distribution. |
| - Development and distribution of major industrial sectors | - Describe the development and distribution of one major industrial sector. - Identify major industrial centers on the map. |
| - Green industry development issues | - Explain why green industry development is necessary. |
| SERVICES | |
| - Factors affecting the development and distribution of service sectors | - Analyze the role of one important factor affecting the development and distribution of service sectors. |
| - Transportation and telecommunications | - Identify major highway routes, railways, large seaports, and major international airports on the map. - Describe the development of the telecommunications sector. |
| - Trade and tourism | - Analyze some new development trends in trade and tourism. |
| TERRITORIAL DIFFERENTIATION | |
| NORTHERN MIDLAND AND MOUNTAINOUS REGION | |
| - Geographic position, territorial scope | - Identify the geographic position and territorial scope of the region on the map. |
| - Notable features of natural conditions and resources | - Describe the natural differentiation between Northeast and Northwest; strengths for industrial, forestry-agriculture-fisheries, and tourism development. - Draw a mind map depicting natural strengths for socio-economic development in the Northern Midland and Mountainous region. |
| - Notable features of the region's population and society | - Comment on notable features of ethnic composition, population distribution, and quality of life (using maps and data tables). |
| - Development and distribution characteristics of the region's economic sectors | - Describe the development and distribution of one economic sector of the region (using maps and data tables). |
| RED RIVER DELTA REGION | |
| - Geographic position, territorial scope | - Describe the geographic position and territorial scope of the region. |
| - Notable features of natural conditions and resources | - Analyze the region's natural resource strengths for agricultural, forestry, fisheries development; marine economic development. |
| - Notable features of the region's population and society | - Analyze population characteristics, labor resources, and their impact on the socio-economic development of the region. - Analyze the urbanization issue in the Red River Delta; the position of Hanoi Capital. |
| - Development and distribution characteristics of the region's economic sectors | - Describe the economic development and distribution in the Red River Delta region (using maps and data tables). |
| - Northern key economic region | - Research and present on the Northern key economic region. |
| NORTH CENTRAL REGION | |
| - Geographic position, territorial scope | - Identify geographic position and territorial scope of the region on the map. |
| - Notable features of natural conditions and resources | - Describe the natural differentiation characteristics and explain how nature affects the economic structure formation of the region. - Present disaster prevention and climate change adaptation issues in North Central Region. |
| - Notable features of the region's population and society | - Describe and explain the population distribution characteristics in the North Central region. |
| - Development and distribution characteristics of the region's economic sectors | - Analyze the economic development and distribution in the North Central region (using maps and data tables). - Analyze tourism strengths in the North Central region. - Analyze marine economic development issues in the North Central region. |
| SOUTH CENTRAL COAST REGION | |
| - Geographic position, territorial scope | - Describe the geographic position and territorial scope of the region. |
| - Notable features of natural conditions and resources | - Analyze the natural characteristics and natural resources, main strengths, and limitations. |
| - Notable features of the region's population and society | - Describe population distribution and ethnic composition. |
| - Development and distribution characteristics of the region's economic sectors | - Analyze changes in economic development and distribution in the region. - Analyze the development of some economic sectors with strengths of the region (using maps and data tables). - Use mind mapping to analyze the impact of drought and desertification on socio-economic development in the arid region of Ninh Thuan - Binh Thuan. |
| - Central key economic region | - Describe the Central key economic region. |
| CENTRAL HIGHLANDS REGION | |
| - Geographic position, territorial scope | - Describe the geographic position and territorial scope of the region. |
| - Notable features of natural conditions and resources | - Present the strengths and limitations of natural conditions and resources in the region. |
| - Notable features of the region's population and society | - Comment on population characteristics and culture of ethnic groups in the Central Highlands. |
| - Development and distribution characteristics of the region's economic sectors | - Describe the development and distribution of strong economic sectors in the Central Highlands; environmental issues in development. |
| SOUTHEAST REGION | |
| - Geographic position, territorial scope | - Describe the geographic position and territorial scope of the region. |
| - Notable features of natural conditions and resources - Notable features of the region's population and society |
- Analyze strengths and limitations of natural conditions and resources in the region. - Describe characteristics of population, urbanization in the Southeast region. |
| - Development and distribution characteristics of the region's economic sectors | - Describe the development and distribution of one strong economic sector in the region (using maps and data tables). - Analyze the significance of enhancing inter-regional connectivity for regional development. - Analyze the position of Ho Chi Minh City. |
| - Southern key economic region | - Research and write a brief report on the development of the Southern key economic region. |
| MEKONG DELTA REGION | |
| - Geographic position, territorial scope | - Describe the geographic position and territorial scope of the region. |
| - Notable features of natural conditions and resources | - Analyze strengths and limitations of natural conditions and resources in the region. |
| - Notable features of the region's population and society | - Analyze population characteristics; some social issues of the region. |
| - Development and distribution characteristics of the region's economic sectors | - Describe the development and distribution of some economic sectors with regional strengths (using maps and data tables). - Research information and analyze the impact of climate change on the Mekong Delta; propose adaptation solutions. |
| - Key economic region of the Mekong Delta | - Describe the key economic region of the Mekong Delta. |
| INTEGRATED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND RESOURCE, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN MARINE ISLANDS | |
| - Vietnam's sea and islands | - Present on a diagram the national seas; identify on the map the island districts and the provinces with those island districts. |
| - Integrated marine economic development | - Present integrated development content of sea-related economic sectors; significance of integrated marine economic development for resource, environmental protection, and maintaining sovereignty, rights, and legal interest of Vietnam in the East Sea. |
| - Resource exploitation and environmental protection in marine islands | - Analyze resource exploitation, and environmental protection issues, and maintain the sovereignty, rights, and legal interests of Vietnam in the East Sea. |
What are the basic objectives of the Geography subject in Vietnam?
Under the General Education Program in History and Geography issued with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the basic objectives of the Geography subject are stipulated as follows:
- Based on the foundation of basic knowledge and educational methods that emphasize proactive, positive, and creative student activity, the Geography curriculum assists students in forming and developing geographical competence—a manifestation of scientific competence; concurrently contributing along with other subjects and educational activities to develop students' essential qualities and general competencies formed during the basic education stage, particularly love for the homeland and country; appropriate behavior toward the natural and social environment; career orientation capability;
- The Geography curriculum assists students in shaping civic personality, ready to contribute to the cause of national construction and defense.
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