What are regulations on manifestations of tropical monsoon climate in Vietnam? What is general orientation on teaching methods for grade 12 Geography in Vietnam?

What are regulations on manifestations of tropical monsoon climate in Vietnam?

The tropical monsoon climate in Vietnam is manifested through various aspects. Below are the manifestations of the tropical monsoon climate in Vietnam:

1. Climate:

- Tropical characteristics: Located in the northern hemisphere's subtropical zone, Vietnam receives a large amount of solar radiation, with an average annual temperature above 20°C (except in high mountainous areas) and abundant sunshine with a total of 1400 - 3000 hours of sunshine per year.

- Humid characteristics: Being adjacent to the East Sea, Vietnam has a high amount of rainfall, with an average annual rainfall of 1500 - 2000mm, high air humidity above 80%, and a consistently positive moisture balance.

- Monsoon characteristics: Vietnam is influenced by seasonal air masses, with two main wind seasons: the winter monsoon and the summer monsoon. This results in distinct climate divisions: the North experiences a cold, dry winter and a hot, humid summer, while the South has clearly defined wet and dry seasons, and the Central region has a rainy season skewed toward autumn and winter.

2. Terrain:

- The terrain is highly fragmented, with many areas of barren rocks and gravel, and the mountainous regions contain numerous caves and dry valleys.

- The ancient alluvial terraces have been eroded to form gray, barren soil, and landslides create alluvial cones at the mountain bases.

3. Rivers:

- The river network is dense, with many short and steep rivers, water levels in rivers change with the season, showing distinct flood and dry seasons.

- Rivers are abundant in water and rich in alluvium.

+ The total water volume is 839 billion m³/year.

+ The total annual alluvium of the rivers on our country's territory is 200 million tons.

4. Soil and Biological Diversity:

- The soil is rich and diverse but also prone to erosion and degradation due to heavy rainfall.

- The ecosystem is diverse and rich with various types of tropical forests, mangrove forests, and high mountain forests.

Note: The manifestations of the tropical monsoon climate in Vietnam are for reference purposes only!

What are regulations on manifestations of tropical monsoon climate in Vietnam? What is general orientation on teaching methods for grade 12 Geography in Vietnam?​ (Image from the Internet)

What is general orientation on teaching methods for grade 12 Geography in Vietnam?

Based on the General Geography Education Program issued with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the teaching method for Geography is to be carried out according to the following general orientations:

- Activating students' learning activities; where the teacher organizes, guides, encourages, and creates a friendly learning environment for students; students learn proactively, actively, creatively, focusing on self-study skills.

- Enhancing experiential activities for students, linking Geography lessons with the local, national, and global practical context; applying knowledge to solve environmental, socio-economic issues at the local level, thereby developing awareness, skills, forming specific and general competencies.

- Diversifying teaching methods, flexibly combining advanced teaching methods with specific teaching methods of the subject such as using maps, diagrams, statistics, charts, pictures, models, observation, fieldwork; improving and utilizing traditional teaching methods like lectures, Q&A while promoting activeness.

- Conducting diverse and flexible teaching organization forms, combining individual teaching, group teaching, class teaching; in-class teaching, outdoor teaching, real-world, field teaching; local field trips, information collection, systematization, exhibition, introduction, showcase, educational games.

- Organizing, guiding, and facilitating students to explore and master knowledge from geographical teaching tools such as maps, atlases, pictures, models, observational instruments, drawing tools, documents, and sources.

- Encouraging and creating conditions to build a favorable learning environment for students to retrieve information from the Internet for study purposes; training students in information processing skills, presenting geographical information using information and communication technology.

- Increasing self-made teaching devices applying information and communication technology (creating educational websites, building a system of lessons, exercises, practice, tests with common and appropriate software, creating video clips to introduce geographical objects and phenomena).

Is grade 12 Geography assessed through comments or scores in Vietnam?

In Clause 3, Article 5 of Circular 22/2021/TT-BGDDT:

Assessment Forms

...

3. Assessment forms for subjects

a) Comment-based assessment for subjects: Physical Education, Arts, Music, Fine Arts, Local Education Content, Experiential Activities, Career Orientation; subject learning outcomes are assessed by comments according to one of two levels: Pass, Not Pass.

b) Combination of comment-based and score-based assessment for subjects in the General Education Program, except for subjects stipulated in point a of this clause; subject learning outcomes are assessed by scores on a 10-point scale, if another scale is used, it must be converted to a 10-point scale. The score is an integer or a decimal rounded to the first decimal place.

Thus, grade 12 Geography is assessed through a combination of comments and scores.