What are details of the situation of Vietnam after the 1954 Geneva Conference on Indochina? What are principles for textbook selection in Vietnam?

What are details of the situation of Vietnam after the 1954 Geneva Conference on Indochina?

After the 1954 Geneva Conference on Indochina, the situation of Vietnam had the following prominent details:

(1) The country was divided into two regions:

- According to the Conference, Vietnam was temporarily divided into two regions with the 17th parallel as the boundary.

- The North, from the 17th parallel upwards, was under the control of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, led by President Ho Chi Minh, undertaking the construction of socialism.

- The South, from the 17th parallel downwards, was under the control of the Ngo Dinh Diem government supported by the United States, carrying out numerous activities against the revolution.

(2) The North was completely liberated:

- After the victory of the Dien Bien Phu campaign and the signing of the Geneva Conference, the North was completely liberated.

- The revolutionary government was established, creating conditions to build socialism and serve as a solid rear for the struggle to liberate the South.

(3) The South under the domination of the U.S.-backed puppet government:

- The Ngo Dinh Diem government was supported by the U.S. to turn the South into a separate country, not conducting general elections as stipulated in the Geneva Conference.

- The U.S. gradually intervened deeply in the South, turning it into a military base and forward position against the revolutionary movement.

(4) The struggle for national reunification:

- The North proceeded with socialist construction while simultaneously supporting the Southern revolution in resisting the U.S.-Diem policies to reunify the country.

- The political struggle movement of the Southern people was lively, demanding the implementation of the Geneva Conference and the organization of free general elections.

(5) The division's impact on people's lives:

- People in both regions were separated, families were dispersed, and life faced many difficulties.

- While the North was being built, restoring the economy and stabilizing society, the South fell into a state of repression and instability caused by the Ngo Dinh Diem government.

What are details of the situation of Vietnam after the 1954 Geneva Conference on Indochina? What are principles for textbook selection in Vietnam?​ (Image from the Internet)

What are principles for textbook selection in Vietnam?

Based on Article 2 of Circular 27/2023/TT-BGDDT on the principles for selecting textbooks in general education institutions:

- Select textbooks from the list of textbooks approved by the Minister of Education and Training for stable use in educational institutions.

- Each grade level selects one (1) textbook for each subject, educational activity (including the content and elective study topics if any) implemented in the educational institution (hereinafter referred to as the subject).

- The selection of textbooks must ensure democratic, objective, public, transparent practices, prioritizing the interests of students.

What are procedures for selecting textbooks in educational institutions in Vietnam?

Based on Article 7 of Circular 27/2023/TT-BGDDT, the procedures for selecting textbooks in educational institutions in Vietnam are as follows:

- The council plans and organizes the selection of textbooks for the educational institution; assigns tasks to council members.

- Organize the selection of textbooks in the professional group:

+ Based on the council’s plan and textbook selection criteria, the head of the professional group composes a selection plan for each subject structured in the professional group, reporting to the head before implementation;

+ Organize all subject teachers in the educational institution (including full-time, contractual, seconded, visiting, and cross-school teachers) to participate in selecting textbooks for that subject;

+ At least 20 days before the first meeting of the professional group, the head organizes book reviews and assessments based on criteria;

+ The head of the professional group orchestrates meetings with subject teachers to discuss and vote for selecting one (1) textbook for a subject. If only one textbook is approved by the Minister of Education and Training, the professional group chooses the one from the decision without voting.

Textbooks must be selected by at least half (1/2) of the subject teachers voting. If no textbook receives votes from at least half of the subject teachers, the professional group must discuss and revote. The selected textbook is the one with the highest number of teacher votes in the second round.

In both voting rounds, if two textbooks have equally highest votes, the head of the professional group decides which one is chosen.

Meetings of the professional group are documented, noting all comments and evaluations from participating teachers, with signatures from the head and recording officer;

+ The head cumulatively compiles results and prepares a list signed by themselves and the assigned compiler.

- The council assesses and evaluates the selection process from the professional groups; authenticates meeting minutes; and consolidates results into a report with comments and evaluations included, signed by the council president and secretary.

- The council proposes the selected textbook list from professional groups to the head.

- The educational institution compiles a dossier for textbooks to submit to the Department of Education and Training (for elementary and secondary levels), and Department of Education and Training (for high school level). The dossier includes:

+ Decision to establish the council;

+ Meeting minutes per Article 7 clause 3;

+ The selected textbook list of the educational institution.