Vietnam: What is the most representative type of Chinese literature during ancient to medieval times? What are the academic topics in the 10th-grade History curriculum?

What is the most representative type of Chinese literature during ancient to medieval times?

Chinese civilization, with its millennia-long history, has left behind brilliant achievements and made significant contributions to the development of humanity across various fields. Below are the representative achievements of Chinese civilization:

(1) Thought, Religion:

- Early emergence of philosophical and religious doctrines. Examples: Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism, Legalism...

- Adoption and adaptation of Buddhism.

(2) Writing:

- The invention of writing appeared very early.

- Includes: script carved on turtle shells, oracle bones (jiaguwen); inscribed on bronze objects (jinwen); carved on stones (shiguwen); etched on bamboo and wood strips...

(3) Literature

- Chinese literature is vast, diverse in genres, content, and artistic styles.

- Poetry, drama, and novels are the literary forms with the most achievements, notably Tang poetry and novels during the Ming - Qing periods.

(4) Architecture, Sculpture, and Painting

- Chinese architecture and sculpture are closely interconnected, serving a variety of functions such as residences, palaces, defensive and military structures; religious sites, tombs,... Famous structures include: the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, the Ming Tombs,...

- Chinese painting is highly diverse in themes, content, and style. Chinese artists painted on various materials like wood, silk, paper,...

(5) Science and Technology

- Mathematics: use of the decimal system, ability to calculate the area of planes and volumes of solids, calculation of pi (π) accurate to 7 decimal places, invention of the abacus,...

- Astronomy: the Chinese were the first to record solar eclipses, lunar eclipses, and various other astronomical phenomena. They early established a calendar to support life and production.

- Medicine and Pharmacology: they diagnosed, explained, and treated diseases using various methods such as using medication, acupuncture, and surgery... During ancient and medieval Chinese history, there were many famous physicians like Hua Tuo, Zhang Zhongjing,...

- Historiography: diverse in form, genre, and content with some notable works such as the Spring and Autumn Annals (China's first chronicle), and Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian.

- Technology: includes four major inventions, namely paper-making, printing technology, gunpowder, and the compass.

(6) Significance of Chinese civilization:

- A product of the intelligence and creative labor of Chinese residents.

- Contributed many significant achievements to the repository of human civilization and laid the foundation for the development of many fields.

- Many achievements of ancient and medieval Chinese civilization still hold value and are in use today.

Thus, the most representative type of Chinese literature during ancient to medieval times is Tang poetry and novels.

What is the most representative form of Chinese literature during ancient to medieval times? (Image from the Internet)

What are the academic topics in the 10th-grade History curriculum in Vietnam?

Under Section 5 of the General Education Program in History issued in conjunction with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the 10th-grade History curriculum covers the following academic topics as follows:

- Career Orientation Topic: Fields of Historiography

- Hands-on Experience Topic: Conservation and Promotion of Cultural Heritage Values in Vietnam

- Advanced Knowledge Topic: The State and Law of Vietnam in History

What are the required outcomes after studying the Chapter "History and Historiography" in the 10th-grade History curriculum in Vietnam?

Under the General Education Program in History issued along with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the required outcomes after studying the Chapter "History and Historiography" in the 10th-grade History curriculum in Vietnam are as follows:

- Define the concept of history.

- Distinguish between actual history and history as perceived by humans through specific examples.

- Explain the concept of historiography.

- Outline the research subjects of historiography through specific examples.

- State the functions and tasks of historiography through specific examples.

- Enumerate the significance of some basic principles of historiography: objectivity, honesty, progressiveness.

- Differentiate sources of historical materials: writing, historical artifacts,...

- Enumerate some basic methods of historiography: historical method, logical method, method of presenting history diachronically and synchronously, interdisciplinary approach. Begin to apply some basic methods of historiography through specific assignments (at a simple level).

- State the role and significance of historical knowledge to the life of individuals and modern society through specific examples.

- Explain the necessity of lifelong learning in history.

- Know how to gather, collect, and process information and historical materials to learn and explore history.

- Apply knowledge and historical lessons to explain current domestic and international issues, problems in practical life (at a simple level).

- Interest in, enthusiasm for, and participation in activities exploring the history and culture of Vietnam and the world.