Vietnam: What are the sample expository paragraphs about the natural phenomenon of acid rain? What are the literary competencies required for 8th-grade students?

What are the sample expository paragraphs about the natural phenomenon of acid rain?

Acid rain is a phenomenon where rainwater has a pH lower than 5.6 (the average pH of natural rainwater), meaning the rain becomes acidic. The primary cause of acid rain is pollution from substances like sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), released from industrial activities and transportation. These chemicals combine with water vapor in the atmosphere to form sulfuric and nitric acid. When it rains, these acids dissolve in the rain and fall to the ground.

Writing expository paragraphs about the natural phenomenon of acid rain is practiced by students in the 8th-grade Literature curriculum.

Students may refer to the following sample expository paragraphs about the natural phenomenon of acid rain:

*Note: The above information is for reference only./.

What are the sample expository paragraphs about the natural phenomenon of acid rain? What are the literary competencies required for 8th-grade students in Vietnam? (Image from the Internet)

What are the literary competencies required for 8th-grade students in Vietnam?

Under the General Education Program for Literature issued with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the literary competencies required for 8th-grade students are as follows:

- Understand the message, thoughts, emotions, and attitude of the author in the text.

- Recognize the literary script, novels, Nôm stories, regulated poetry, and free verse, tragedies, and comedies.

- Recognize content and form of literature works, and literary images; recognize and analyze the effects of some formal and artistic techniques in each literary genre (combination of the narrator’s words and the character’s words, perspective, conflict, poetic rules, structure, language, emotional flow, rhetorical devices like repetition, punning, irony, oxymoron).

- Recognize some general features of the history of Vietnamese literature; understand the impact of literature on personal life.

What literary knowledge does the 8th-grade Literature curriculum in Vietnam include?

Under Section 5 of the General Education Program for Literature issued with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the 8th-grade Literature curriculum in Vietnam includes the following literary knowledge:

- Imagination in literary works

- Titles and how to create titles for texts

- Themes and topics, how to determine the topic; structure

- Plot, setting, character, language in comedies, historical stories

- Linear plots and non-linear plots

- Main artistic devices of satirical poetry

- Some elements of the poetic law in seven-word eight-line and quatrain poems: structure, rhyme, meter, cadence, contrast

- Some formal elements of a poem: words, imagery, structure, emotional flow

- Conflict, action, character, dialogue, satirical techniques in literary scripts (comedy)

- Some formal elements of free verse (six, seven words): number of lines, words, rhyme, rhythm

- The reader and their unique reception of a literary text

- Content reflection and the author's perspective on life and humanity