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Nguyen Khuyen, a great poet of Vietnamese literature, is famous for his lyrical poems that carry a national flavor. The poem "Khóc Dương Khuê" is a representative work in his series of poems mourning friends, expressing sincere, profound emotions towards a lifelong friend who has passed away. Through the poem, Nguyen Khuyen not only expresses the pain of losing a friend but also delicately portrays a noble, close friendship between him and Duong Khue.

Right from the start, Nguyen Khuyen's pain over his friend's loss is conveyed through emotional verses:

Duong uncle is gone,

Vast water and clouds engulf my heart with grief.

(Bác Dương thôi đã thôi rồi,

Nước mây man mác ngậm ngùi lòng ta.)

The use of repeated phrases “gone already, gone” not only emphasizes the loss but also creates a mournful rhythm, like a lingering cry in the author's heart. The image of “vast water and clouds” evokes a vast, space, simultaneously reflecting the lone and painful state of the person left behind.

In the following verses, Nguyen Khuyen reminisces when he and Duong Khue walked together:

Remember the days of scholarly success of yore,

Always facing hardships, laughing together.

(Nhớ từ thuở đăng khoa ngày trước,

Vẫn cùng nhau hoạn nạn, vui cười.)

The memories of sharing successes and hardships are evoked with high regard. Their friendship was not just a simple companionship but a connection of souls and shared ideals.

The poem not only conveys the pain of losing a friend but also reveals Nguyen Khuyen's loneliness after losing a confidant through the image:

Good wine without a dear friend,

Not that I can't afford it, but I don't buy it.

(Rượu ngon không có bạn hiền,

Không mua không phải không tiền không mua.)

The simple yet profound lines express an irreplaceable loss. Even the best wine becomes tasteless without a soulmate. Nguyen Khuyen does not lack the money to buy wine, but what he lacks is a companion to share the joys and sorrows.

Closing the poem, Nguyen Khuyen expresses a humanistic view of life:

Everyone knows this world is temporary,

The hundred-year bond adds pain to my heart.

Ai chẳng biết chốn này là cõi tạm,

Nghĩa trăm năm thêm đau đớn lòng này.

Through these verses, Nguyen Khuyen realizes the fragility of human life, where this “temporary world” is just a short stop. However, the deep bond between him and Duong Khue transcends all boundaries of time and space, leaving a permanent mark in his heart.

"Khóc Dương Khuê" succeeds not only in its content but also stands out in artistry. With a style of alternating seven-seven-six-eight stanzas, the author creates a mournful rhythm fit for the sad emotions. The simple yet evocative language, Nguyen Khuyen skillfully uses familiar images from everyday life to highlight his sentiments.

The poem "Khóc Dương Khuê" is an excellent work by Nguyen Khuyen, not only a lament for a friend but also a song of rare camaraderie. Through the poem, readers can feel a sincere heart, a sensitive soul, and a deep humanistic outlook of the poet. It is this empathy that has made the poem endure through time, becoming one of the representative works of friendship in Vietnamese literature.

Duong uncle is gone,

Vast water and clouds engulf my heart with grief.

(Bác Dương thôi đã thôi rồi,

Nước mây man mác ngậm ngùi lòng ta.)

The word "gone" resonates as a painful sigh. Nguyen Khuyen seems not to believe the truth that his lifelong friend has departed forever. The image “vast water clouds” evokes a vast, empty space, as though his heart is shattered and mournful. This is not only a personal loss but also the pain of losing a part of the soul, a fragment of life.

Following this emotion, Nguyen Khuyen recalls beautiful memories between the two:

“Remember the days of scholarly achievements of yore,

Always united in dreams and aspirations.

Affectionate from start to end,

In uncle's heart, how could mother not have love.”

“Nhớ từ thuở đăng khoa ngày trước,

Vẫn đồng lòng trong mọi ước ao.

Kính yêu từ trước đến sau,

Trong lòng bác, mẹ tôi nào chẳng thương.”

The friendship between Nguyen Khuyen and Duong Khue was not just daily interactions but a harmonious resonance of souls and ideals. They went through their youthful days full of enthusiasm, striving together in the scholarly path. These lines offer a sincere narrative of a pure, enduring friendship that bound two souls no matter the circumstances.

In the poem's middle part, Nguyen Khuyen expresses longing when reminiscing old memories:

“Remember the proverb,

Good friends are worth three.

Meeting only to know separation,

Remember the confidant, how bitter.”

“Nhớ câu ngạn ngữ mấy lời,

Rằng người hảo bạn ta ngồi bằng ba.

Gặp nhau chi biết rằng xa,

Nhớ câu tri kỷ xót xa bấy chầy.”

Through the touching imagery, Nguyen Khuyen emphasizes the value of friendship. To him, a good friend is not just a companion but someone who understands deeply, sharing joys and sorrows. These verses contain the regret that now, those confidant words are only memories.

The pain of losing a friend intensifies through the lines:

Good wine without a dear friend,

Not that I can't afford it, but I don't buy it.

(Rượu ngon không có bạn hiền,

Không mua không phải không tiền không mua.)

Here, Nguyen Khuyen skillfully uses the image “good wine” to symbolize earthly pleasures. When the confidant is no more, everything, no matter how valuable, becomes meaningless. The simple lines yet contain profound sadness, showing the deep spiritual connection between him and Duong Khue.

The poem closes with words of comfort but also deep regret:

“Uncle doesn’t stay despite persuading,

I cherish by recalling.”

(Bác chẳng ở dẫu van chẳng ở,

Tôi tuy thương lấy nhớ làm thương.)

Despite trying to accept the truth, Nguyen Khuyen cannot soothe the longing for his friend. He chooses to keep Duong Khue’s image in memory, using remembrance to ease the pain of loss.

Thus, the poem "Khóc Dương Khuê" is not just a lament for a friend but a sad song praising rare, intimate friendship in life. The work carries the beauty of sincerity, simplicity yet profundity, allowing readers not only to feel Nguyen Khuyen's pain but also to value friendship's meaning in life. Through each verse, Nguyen Khuyen has affirmed his innate talent, leaving an indelible mark in the hearts of readers across generations.

Duong uncle is gone,

Vast water and clouds engulf my heart with grief.

(Bác Dương thôi đã thôi rồi,

Nước mây man mác ngậm ngùi lòng ta.)

Concise and abrupt, like a tearful cry. The repeated word “gone” and the image “vast water cloud” create an empty, mournful space. The pain of losing a friend pervades, enveloping heaven and earth.

After the shocking pain, beautiful memories of friendship revive within him:

Remember the days of scholarly success of yore,

Always by each other's side day and night.

(Nhớ từ thuở đăng khoa ngày trước,

Vẫn sớm hôm tôi bác cùng nhau.)

The two were close since school days, sharing ideals and the noble joys of music, poetry recitals, and literary discussions. These memories are recreated through familiar images: “stream sound,” “singer voice,” “literary phrase,” reflecting soul harmony.

Facing the reality of losing a friend, Nguyen Khuyen feels a great loss:

Good wine without a dear friend,

Not that I can't afford it, but I don't buy it.

(Rượu ngon không có bạn hiền,

Không mua không phải không tiền không mua.)

Wine can be bought, but a soulmate cannot be replaced. The emptiness grows as he recollects their last meeting, filled with mixed emotions, not knowing it would be the last.

In the end, Nguyen Khuyen describes a silent pain, indescribable through tears:

Old age tears like dew,

Why force two streams to flow?

Tuổi già hạt lệ như sương,

Hơi đâu ép lấy hai hàng chứa chan!

It seems the pain does not need to be displayed; it lingers deeply, eroding the author's heart.

The poem "Khóc Dương Khuê" is not only a lament for a friend but also a song of sincere, beautiful friendship. With simple language and evocative imagery, Nguyen Khuyen has left a work rich in emotion and human values, reminding us of the sacred meaning of friendship.