Vietnam: What is the political, economic, and social significance of the First Black President in the Republic of South Africa?

What is What is the political, economic, and social significance of the First Black President in the Republic of South Africa?

The event of having the first black president in the Republic of South Africa not only marked a historical turning point in the struggle against racial discrimination but also held deep political, economic, and social significance. This stands as evidence of the country's transition from apartheid policies to a multiracial democracy, paving the way for sustainable development, national reconciliation, and international integration.

Nelson Mandela becoming the first black president of the Republic of South Africa in 1994 carried significant implications across multiple facets, specifically:

(1) Political Significance

- The regime of racial discrimination was permanently abolished right in its last stronghold after more than three centuries of existence.

- The people of South Africa embarked on the nation-building endeavor.

- It reinforced the spirit of reconciliation and national unity, as Mandela advocated for cooperation instead of revenge. This demonstrated a peaceful transition from an oppressive regime to a multiracial democracy.

(2) Economic Significance

- The elimination of economic barriers created by apartheid policies, granting equal opportunities for all citizens in business and employment sectors.

- Attracted foreign investment thanks to policies of reconciliation, political stability, and economic openness.

- Reformed land ownership and economic systems, gradually improving the living standards of previously disadvantaged black people.

- Laid the groundwork for sustainable economic development, although challenges such as economic inequality and high unemployment rates remain.

(3) Social Significance

- Protected human rights and created conditions for the Republic of South Africa to develop the nation.

- Improved living conditions, education, and healthcare for black people, a group that was previously marginalized.

- Fostered the creation of a more harmonious multiracial society, albeit with many gaps still needing to be bridged between different communities.

- Encouraged other nations worldwide to fight against racial discrimination and oppression.

This event was not only a significant turning point for South Africa but also a symbol of peace, justice, and unity globally.

What is the political, economic, and social significance of the First Black President in the Republic of South Africa? (Image from the Internet)

What are the perspectives on developing the History and Geography curricula at the lower secondary level in Vietnam?

Under Section II of the General education program for History and Geography at the lower secondary level promulgated with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the perspectives on developing the History and Geography curricula at the lower secondary level in Vietnam are as follows:

The History and Geography curricula at the lower secondary level adhere to the provisions in the overall program while emphasizing several points of view:

(1) The curriculum aims to develop scientific thinking in students, allowing them to view the world as an integrated whole in both spatial and temporal dimensions based on fundamental knowledge and learning tools for researching history and geography; thereby, forming and developing specific abilities along with general competencies, especially the ability to apply knowledge and skills in practice and creativity.

(2) The curriculum inherits and promotes the strengths of the History and Geography subjects in the current general education curriculum and absorbs the experience of subject curriculum development from advanced countries. The subject content ensures equipping students with foundational, comprehensive, and scientific general knowledge; suitable for the psychological and cognitive characteristics of students, taking into account the teaching conditions in Vietnamese schools.

(3) The historical education content is designed chronologically, from prehistoric times through ancient, medieval to modern and contemporary times; in each period, there's an interleaving of world history, regional history, and Vietnamese history. The geography education content flows from general geography to regional geography and Vietnamese geography. It emphasizes selecting themes, connecting knowledge and skills to form and develop competencies in students while valuing the distinctive features of historical and geographical sciences.

(4) The curriculum emphasizes the application of active educational methods, highlighting the use of varied teaching aids and diversifying teaching and assessment methods to form and develop qualities and competencies in students.

(5) The curriculum ensures connectivity with the History and Geography curriculum at the primary level and the History and Geography curriculum at the upper secondary level; ensuring coherence and connectivity between classes, education levels, and subjects, as well as educational activities in the general education program.

(6) The curriculum is open, allowing flexible implementation depending on local conditions, and the target student groups (students in disadvantaged areas, students with special support needs,...).

What are the duties of lower secondary school students in Vietnam when studying History and Geography?

According to Article 82 of the Education Law 2019, the specific duties of lower secondary school students when studying History and Geography include:

- Perform learning and training tasks according to educational programmes and plans, code of conduct of educational institutions.

- Respect teachers, staff and workers of educational institutions; maintain solidarity and mutual support in learning and training; adhere to rules, charters and regulations of educational institutions; and comply with the law.

- Participate in labour and social activities, environmental protection activities appropriate to their age group, health and ability.

- Preserve and protect properties of educational institutions.

- Contribute to the building, protection and development of the traditions of educational institutions.