Vietnam: What is the summary of Lesson 3 on East Asian Countries in the 12th-grade History curriculum? What are the required learning outcomes regarding the context of China's economic opening from 1978 to the present?

What is the summary of Lesson 3 on East Asian Countries in the 12th-grade History curriculum in Vietnam?

Below is the summary of Lesson 3 on East Asian Countries in the 12th-grade History curriculum in Vietnam:

I. GENERAL FEATURES OF EAST ASIA

This is the largest and most populous region in the world. Before 1939, it was colonized (except Japan). After 1945, there were many changes:

- In October 1949, the Chinese revolution was victorious, and the People's Republic of China was established. By the end of the 1990s, Hong Kong and Macau also returned to China (except Taiwan).

- In 1948, against the backdrop of the Cold War, the Korean Peninsula was divided into two regions along the 38th parallel: the Republic of Korea in the South and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in the North. After the Korean War (1950 – 1953), the 38th parallel remained the division between the two states on the peninsula.

After the war ended, Asia built and developed its economy:

- Faced many difficulties in building and developing the economy due to the consequences of colonial policies and war.

- From the second half of the 20th century, there was rapid economic growth, and the lives of the people significantly improved.

- Among the "four Asian dragons," three are in East Asia (South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan).

- Japan became the second-largest economy in the world.

- By the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, China showed the fastest and highest growth in the world.

- From the second half of the 20th century, rapid economic growth makes it predicted that "the 21st century is the Asian century."

II. CHINA

1. Establishment of the People's Republic of China and achievements in the first 10 years of building new policies (1949 – 1959).

a. Establishment of the People's Republic of China.

[a.1] From 1946 – 1949, civil war between the Nationalist Party and the Communist Party:

- On July 20, 1946, Chiang Kai-shek launched a civil war

- From July 1946 to June 1947, the Liberation Army implemented a strategy of active defense, then switched to counter-attacking and liberating the entire mainland of China. By the end of 1949, the Nationalist Party was defeated and had to flee to Taiwan.

- On October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China was established.

[a.2] Significance:

- The Chinese national democratic revolution was completed, ending more than 100 years of colonial domination and rule by imperialists.

- Eradicated feudal remnants, opening a new era of independence and freedom advancing towards socialism.

- Deeply influenced the global national liberation movement.

b. The first ten years of building socialism:

The primary task was to lift the country out of poverty and backwardness, to develop economy, society, culture, and education

[b.1] In terms of economy: - From 1950 – 1952: carried out economic recovery, land reform, transformation of commerce and industry, and development of culture and education.

- From 1953 – 1957: implemented the first Five-Year Plan, resulting in an industrial output increase of 140% (1957 compared to 1952); agricultural production increased by 25% (compared to 1952); total industrial and agricultural production increased 11.8 times, with industry alone increasing 10.7 times.

- Remarkable progress in culture and education.

- Improved living standards for the people.

[b.2] In terms of foreign policy: Implemented an active policy to consolidate peace and promote the development of the global revolutionary movement. On January 18, 1950, China established diplomatic relations with Vietnam.

2. China – the years of instability (1959 – 1978)

3. Reform and Opening-Up Process (from 1978 to present):

In December 1978, the Chinese Communist Party outlined the reform path. By the 13th National Congress (October 1987), it was elevated to the General path of the Party:

a. In terms of economy

Focused on economic development, conducted reform and opening-up, transitioned from a centrally planned economy to a socialist market economy, aimed at modernization and building socialism with Chinese characteristics, making China a prosperous, democratic, and civilized country. By 1998, the Chinese economy progressed rapidly, achieving the highest growth rate in the world (GDP growth of 8%/year), and people's living conditions improved significantly. China's science and technology, culture, and education achieved considerable accomplishments (in 1964, successfully detonated an atomic bomb; in 2003, successfully launched the "Shenzhou 5" spacecraft into space).

b. In terms of foreign policy

- Normalized diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union, Mongolia, Vietnam… Expanded friendly and cooperative relations with countries worldwide, contributing to resolving international disputes.

- China's role and position on the international stage were elevated, regaining sovereignty over Hong Kong (1997) and Macau (1999).

Taiwan is part of China's territory, but to date, China has not yet controlled Taiwan.

Note: The information is for reference only!

What is the summary of Lesson 3 on East Asian Countries in the 12th-grade History curriculum in Vietnam? What are the required learning outcomes regarding the context of China's economic opening from 1978 to the present? (Image from the Internet)

What are the required learning outcomes regarding the context of China's economic opening from 1978 to the present?

Under the General Education Program for 12th-grade History as issued with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT which specifies the historical context:

Overview of the main developmental periods of China from 1949 to 1978

The context of China's reform and opening-up

- Mistakes in socio-economic development policies in the two decades from 1959 - 1978

- Severe economic and social crisis

In Vietnam, what is the mission of the History subject?

Under the General Education Program for History as issued with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT:

- The History subject has the mission to help students form and develop historical competencies, and components of scientific competency, while also contributing to forming and developing the key qualities and general competencies identified in the overall program. The History subject plays a pivotal role in educating patriotism, national pride, and historical and cultural traditions, helping students understand and apply historical lessons to solve current real-life issues, developing vision, consolidating humanistic values, community spirit, tolerance, and compassion; contributing to forming and developing the qualities of Vietnamese citizens and global citizens in the trend of development of the era.

- The History subject forms and develops for students historical thinking, systematic thinking, critical thinking, skills to exploit and use historical resources, understanding and presenting history in chronological and contemporary logic, and connecting the past with the present.

- The History subject helps students perceive the scientific and practical value of history in modern social life, understand and have a love for national and human history and culture; and contribute to guiding students in choosing careers such as social and human sciences research, diplomacy, administration, tourism activities, cultural industries, information and communication, etc.

- The History subject curriculum systematizes and consolidates comprehensive knowledge at the basic education stage while helping students delve deeper into core historical knowledge through topics and study modules on world history, Southeast Asian history, and Vietnamese history. The teaching methods of the History subject are based on fundamental principles of historical science and modern educational methods.