15:35 | 25/12/2024

Vietnam: What are the simple and easy-to-remember English stress rules? What are the outstanding features of English in education?

What are the simple and easy-to-remember English stress rules? What are the outstanding features of English in education in Vietnam?

What are the simple and easy-to-remember English stress rules in Vietnam?

Students may refer to some information on simple and easy-to-remember English stress rules to achieve high scores during the learning process:

Simple and Easy-to-Remember English Stress Rules


1. Verbs with two syllables: Stress on the second syllable

Examples: affect /əˈfekt/, rewrite /riːˈraɪt/, collapse /kəˈlæps/, exclude /ɪkˈskluːd/, pollute /pəˈluːt/.

However, there are exceptions:

answer /ˈænsər/

enter /ˈentər/

happen /ˈhæpən/

offer /ˈɔːfər/

open /ˈəʊpən/.

2. Nouns with two syllables: Stress on the first syllable

Examples: bookshelf /ˈbʊk.ʃelf/, camera /ˈkæm.rə/, cocktail /ˈkɒk.teɪl/, kingdom /ˈkɪŋ.dəm/, comment /ˈkɒm.ent/.

Exceptions:

advice /ədˈvaɪs/

machine /məˈʃiːn/

mistake /mɪˈsteɪk/.

3. Adjectives with two syllables: Stress on the first syllable

Examples: fishy /ˈfɪʃ.i/, sleepy /ˈsliː.pi/, noisy /ˈnɔɪ.zi/, easy /ˈiː.zi/, hardy /ˈhɑː.di/.

Exceptions:

alone /əˈləʊn/

amazed /əˈmeɪzd/

mature /məˈtʊr/.

4. Compound verbs: Stress on the second syllable

Examples:

become /bɪˈkʌm/

understand /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

5. Compound nouns: Stress on the first syllable

sunrise /ˈsʌn.raɪz/

film-maker /ˈfɪlmˌmeɪ.kər/

birthday /ˈbɜːrθdeɪ/

airport /ˈerpɔːrt/

bookshop /ˈbʊkʃɑːp/

6. Compound adjectives: Stress on the first syllable

Examples:

home-sick /ˈhəʊm.sɪk/

trust-worthy /ˈtrʌstˌwɜː.ði/.

Exception: For compound adjectives, if the first word is an adjective, adverb, or ends with -ed, stress falls on the second syllable. Examples:

bad-tempered /ˌbædˈtemp.əd/

well-done /ˌwel ˈdʌn/

short-sighted /ˌʃɔːtˈsaɪ.tɪd/.

7. Stress is placed on syllables ending with: sist, cur, tain, tract, self, vent, vert, test

If a word has a syllable ending in sist, cur, tain, tract, self, vent, vert, test, stress falls on those syllables. Examples:

persist /pərˈsɪst/

contract /ˈkɑːntrækt/

event /ɪˈvent/

subtract /səbˈtrækt/

protest /prəˈtest/.

8. Stress is placed on suffixes -ee, -eer, -ese, -ique, -esque, -ain

Examples:

agree /əˈɡriː/

volunteer /ˌvɑːlənˈtɪr/

Vietnamese /ˌviːetnəˈmiːz/

retain /rɪˈteɪn/.

Exceptions:

committee /kəˈmɪti/

coffee /ˈkɔːfi/

employee /ɪmˈplɔɪiː/.

9. Words with suffixes –ic, -ish, -ical, -sion, -tion, -ance, -ence, -idle, -ious, -iar, -ience, -id, -eous, -acy, -ian, -ity stress the syllable before them

Examples:

economics /ˌekəˈnɑːmɪks/ (economics)

foolish /ˈfuːlɪʃ/

enormous /ɪˈnɔːrməs/

fusion /ˈfjuːʒn/

iconic /aɪˈkɑːnɪk/ (iconic).

10. Do not stress prefixes un–, im–, en–, dis–, re–, ir–

Examples:

replay /ˌriːˈpleɪ/

rewrite /ˌriːˈraɪt/

impossible /ɪmˈpɑːsəbl/

export /ɪkˈspɔːrt/.

Exceptions:

underpass /ˈʌndərpæs/

underlay /ˈʌndərleɪ/.

11. Suffixes -ment, -ship, -ness, -er/or, -hood, -ing, -en, -ful, -able, -ous, -less do not affect the stress of the root word

Examples:

agree /əˈɡriː/ → agreement /əˈɡriːmənt/

meaning /ˈmiːnɪŋ/ → meaningless /ˈmiːnɪŋləs/

rely /rɪˈlaɪ/ → reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/

poison /ˈpɔɪzn/ → poisonous /ˈpɔɪzənəs/.

12. Words with suffixes –graphy, -ate, –gy, -cy, -ity, -phy, -al stress one syllable before

Examples:

economical /ˌekəˈnɑːmɪkl/

technology /tekˈnɑːlədʒi/

geography /dʒiˈɑːɡrəfi/

investigate /ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt/.

Special cases for stressing

Words with two syllables ending with “ever” are stressed on the syllable itself.

Examples: however /ˌhaʊˈev.ər/, every /ˈev.ri/, whatever /wɒtˈev.ər/, forever /fəˈre.vər/, whoever /huːˈev.ər/

Words with two syllables ending with “how, what, where” stress on the first syllable.

Examples: somehow /ˈsʌm.haʊ/, anywhere /ˈen.i.weər/, somewhat /ˈsʌm.wɒt/

If a word contains the syllable “ow”, stress the first syllable.

Examples: follow /ˈfɒl.əʊ/, swallow /ˈswɒl.əʊ/, borrow /ˈbɒr.əʊ/, narrow /ˈnær.əʊ/

Most stresses do not fall on /ɪ/ and /ə/.

Examples:

Result /rɪˈzʌlt/, effect /ɪˈfekt/ are nouns with two syllables but stress the second syllable.

Offer /ˈɒf.ər/, happen /ˈhæp.ən/ are verbs with two syllables yet stress the first syllable.

The stress of reflexive pronouns is on the second syllable.

Examples: myself /maɪˈself/, himself /hɪmˈself/, herself /hɜːˈself/, themself /ðəmˈself/, yourself /jɔːˈself/.

If a word with two syllables starts with an "a", stress falls on the second syllable.

Examples: alone /əˈləʊn/, agree /əˈɡriː/, alack /əˈlæk/, amass /əˈmæs/, affect /əˈfekt/

If a two-syllable word ends with “y”, stress falls on the second syllable, and the "y" is pronounced as /ai/.

Examples: comply /kəmˈplaɪ/, imply /ɪmˈplaɪ/, apply /əˈplaɪ/, rely /rɪˈlɑɪ /, deny /dɪˈnaɪ/

Words starting with “every” stress on “every”.

Examples: everyone /ˈev.ri.wʌn/, everywhere /ˈev.ri.weər/, everything /ˈev.ri.θɪŋ/, everybody /ˈev.riˌbɒd.i/, everyday /ˈev.ri.deɪ/

Tips for perfect stress pronunciation in English

Stress Poem

Mastering the basic stress rules of English will help improve your pronunciation skills and boost your confidence in communication like a native. You can apply the following poem to enhance your memory and practice easier every day.

“Most nouns, adjectives two beats

Compound nouns stress front, verbs back

Compound verbs second strike

Adjacent adjectives mark second beat's back”

*Note: The information is for reference only./.

Simple and Easy-to-Remember English Stress Rules? What are the outstanding features of English in education?

What are the simple and easy-to-remember English stress rules in Vietnam? What are the outstanding features of English in education? (Image from the Internet)

What are the outstanding features of English in education in Vietnam?

According to the General Education Program for English issued together with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the specific features of the subject are stipulated as follows:

English is a compulsory subject in the general education program from grade 3 to grade 12.

As one of the tool subjects in schools, English not only helps students develop their English communication skills but also contributes to the development of general competencies, aiding in efficient living and working, better learning of other subjects, and lifelong learning.

English provides students with an important international communication tool, helping them exchange information, scientific and technological knowledge, learn about different cultures, thereby contributing to understanding between nations, forming global citizenship consciousness, and contributing to personal qualities and competence development.

Through learning English and exploring various cultures, students can gain a deeper understanding and love for their own language and culture.

As a compulsory subject in the general education program, English directly relates and interacts with many other subjects/educational content such as Literature/Vietnamese, Science and Social Studies, History and Geography, Arts, Physical Education, Informatics, and Experiential Activities.

English also serves as a tool for teaching and learning other subjects, especially Mathematics and natural sciences.

The foundational goal of the general education program for English is to help students develop communication competencies through the practice of listening, speaking, reading, writing skills, and language knowledge (phonetics, vocabulary, grammar).

Communication skills and language knowledge are built on specific communication competence units, with topics appropriate to the needs and abilities of general education students, aiming to help them meet the requirements specified in the 6-level Vietnam Foreign Language Proficiency Framework (issued in Circular 01/2014/TT-BGDDT, specifically students finishing primary school reach Level 1, students finishing lower secondary reach Level 2, students finishing upper secondary reach Level 3).

The content of the general education program for English reflects the basic directions stated in the overall general education program of the Ministry of Education and Training, specifically:

At the primary level (grades 3-5), English teaching helps students initially develop communication skills through the four skills of listening, speaking, reading, writing, with a focus on listening and speaking.

At the lower secondary level, English teaching continues to help students develop communication skills, as well as develop thinking abilities and enhance their understanding of the culture and society of different countries worldwide as well as deepen their knowledge of their own nation's culture and society.

At the upper secondary level, English teaching helps students develop English communication skills based on the foundation laid by the English program in primary and lower secondary schools, equipping students with lifelong learning skills to continually learn and develop working capabilities in the future.

What are the perspectives for developing the general education program for English in Vietnam?

Under Section 2 of the general education program for English issued with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT:

1. The general education program for English complies with the regulations stated in the overall general education program of the Ministry of Education and Training, which includes general guidelines on perspectives, objectives, required outcomes, educational plans, and guidelines on educational content, methods, learning outcomes assessment, and conditions for program implementation.

2. The general education program for English is built on the perspective that communication competency is the goal of the teaching process; language knowledge is the means to form and develop communication skills through listening, speaking, reading, and writing. In primary school (grades 3-5), priority should be given to developing the two skills of listening and speaking. In lower secondary school, communication skills of listening and speaking are further developed through the integration of skills training, progressing towards balanced development of all four skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing in upper secondary school.

3. The general education program for English is designed on the basis of a coherent system of themes, topics closely related, meaningful, and suitable to the learning and living environments of students, aligning with the communication competency development requirements set for each educational level. The system of themes and topics reflects the cultural characteristic that needs to be both national and international; the teaching content should be selected and possibly repeated, expanded over the academic years in a concentric spiral approach to reinforce and develop students' communication capabilities.

4. Through the implementation of the themes and topics system in the Program, students can acquire additional content of other subjects to a relevant and feasible level. The general education program for English ensures students' learning activities are central to the teaching process. Students' English communication competency is developed through active, dynamic, and creative learning activities. Teachers organize and guide the teaching process, encourage students to participate in language practice activities to the maximum and gradually enhance self-study abilities.

5. The general education program for English ensures the continuity and transition in English teaching amongst primary, lower secondary, and upper secondary education levels. This continuity and transition are evident as students reach a proficiency level according to the 6-level Vietnam Foreign Language Proficiency Framework after each education level.

6. The general education program for English ensures flexibility, adaptability, and openness to meet the needs and suit diverse English teaching conditions in various localities.

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