How many planets are there in the solar system? What are principles of library interconnection in Vietnam?

How many planets are there in the solar system?

Currently, the Solar System consists of 8 planets, arranged in order from the closest to the Sun moving outward: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

Below are specific details about the planets in the Solar System:

1. Mercury

Mercury is known as the smallest and closest planet to the Sun in the Solar System. This planet has a diameter of about 4,874 km, even smaller than Earth's Moon. Mercury's orbit around the Sun takes 88 Earth days, the shortest of any planet. Mercury lacks a significant atmosphere and has extreme temperatures, from very hot during the day to very cold at night.

2. Venus

Venus is the second planet from the Sun, similar in size and mass to Earth. Additionally, this planet has a dense atmosphere, primarily composed of CO₂, leading to a strong greenhouse effect. Venus has extremely high temperatures, even higher than Mercury despite being further from the Sun.

3. Earth

Earth, the third planet from the Sun, is the only known place in the universe that supports life. Two-thirds of Earth's surface is covered by oceans, creating an atmosphere rich in nitrogen and oxygen, essential for life.

4. Mars

Mars is a cold, rocky, and desert-like planet. Its surface is covered with iron dust, giving it the characteristic red color. Mars has similarities with Earth, including mountains, valleys, canyons, and storm systems.

5. Jupiter

Jupiter is the largest planet in the Solar System, with a mass twice that of all the other planets combined. This planet is mainly composed of hydrogen and helium, with a small rocky core at its center.

6. Saturn

Saturn, the sixth planet from the Sun, is the second-largest gas giant in the Solar System. It is best known for its extensive rings of ice and rock. These rings are formed by debris from asteroids, comets, and other celestial bodies captured by Saturn's gravitational pull.

7. Uranus

Uranus is an ice giant planet, primarily composed of hydrogen, helium, and water, methane, and ammonia. The methane in its atmosphere gives it a distinct blue-green color.

8. Neptune

Neptune is the eighth and farthest planet from the Sun. It is a gas giant planet, similar in size to Uranus, and is known for its supersonic winds. Neptune is more than 30 times farther from the Sun than Earth, making it the coldest planet in the Solar System, with an average temperature of minus 214 degrees Celsius.

Additionally, astronomers discovered another planet in the Solar System in 2016, referred to as the ninth planet. This planet is known to be 10 times the mass of Earth and over 5,000 times the mass of Uranus, but not much information is currently available about it.

Note: The content is for reference purposes only!

How many planets are there in the solar system? What are principles of library interconnection in Vietnam?​ (Image from Internet)

What are principles of library interconnection in Vietnam?

According to Clause 1, Article 4 of the Regulations on library standards for preschools and general education institutions promulgated under Circular 16/2022/TT-BGDDT, library interconnection is based on the following principles:

- Library interconnection between preschools, primary schools, lower secondary schools, and multi-level educational institutions (with the highest level being lower secondary) is implemented within the same educational level in the same district; between nursery, primary, lower secondary schools, multi-level institutions (highest level being lower secondary) with communal, district libraries in the same locality;

- Library interconnection between upper secondary schools and multi-level institutions (with the highest level being upper secondary) is implemented within the same educational level in the same district, province; between high schools, multi-level institutions (highest level being upper secondary) with district, provincial libraries in the same locality;

- Libraries must have IT infrastructure that is assured and compatible; ensure digital information resource availability; have sufficient manpower to respond, operate, exploit, and share resources seamlessly with other educational institution libraries regardless of spatial limitations;

- Libraries participate in interlinking voluntarily to connect, share, and contribute library resources for common use; cooperate based on agreements among libraries to ensure a unified exploitation process, managed through software accessible via computer, phone, and other electronic devices; libraries in different locations may agree to interlink through sharing, contributing digital information resources;

- Ensure the management and usage of interlinked information resources is for the correct purpose, effective, and complies with interlink regulations;

- Comply with legal regulations on intellectual property, science and technology, information technology, cybersecurity, and related legal provisions.

What are the standards for the infrastructure of libraries of lower secondary schools in Vietnam?

The standards for infrastructure of libraries of lower secondary schools in Vietnam are outlined in Article 16 of the regulations on library standards for preschools and general education institutions promulgated under Circular 16/2022/TT-BGDDT as follows:

(1) Physical Facility Standard Level 1

- The library of a secondary school should be located in an area convenient for access and use by students, particularly for students with disabilities; it is prioritized to be located on the first floor (ground floor) near the classroom block;

- Library area is determined for 30% to 50% of the school's total student body and ensures a minimum standard of 0.60 m² per student. The total area of the library should not be less than 60 m² (excluding open space area);

- Functional areas of the library may be arranged in one room or in separate adjacent rooms. The area of the library's functional areas is prescribed as follows:

+ The reading area should have at least one reading room for students and teachers. Open spaces should be arranged around or outside the library, ensuring they are airy, quiet, and away from areas prone to pollution, safe, and convenient for library users;

+ The information resource storage area should have enough area to contain the information resources, can be arranged in a separate room or in the reading room and open spaces, ensuring management and suitable for the characteristics of each type of information resource;

+ The borrowing, returning, and management area may be arranged separately or together with the reading room;

- Technical requirements ensuring compliance with point d, clause 1, Article 6 of this document.

(2) Physical Facility Standard Level 2

The library of a secondary school meeting the Level 2 physical facility standards ensures compliance with Article 16 of the regulations on library standards for preschools and general education institutions promulgated under Circular 16/2022/TT-BGDDT and the following provisions:

- Has a reading room for students with at least 45 seats, a reading room for teachers with at least 20 seats, ensuring that each seat in the reading room is at least 2.4 m²;

- The information resource storage area ensures a tight book storage of 2.5 m²/1000 information resource units; open book storage of 4.5 m²/1000 information resource units;

- The borrowing, returning and management area should not be less than 06 m² per library staff member.