Has the State implemented universalization of upper secondary education in Vietnam? Which entities are responsible for the universalization of upper secondary education in Vietnam?

Has the State implemented universalization of upper secondary education in Vietnam?

According to Clause 8 Article 5 of the Education Law 2019, the definitions are provided as follows:

Definition of Terms

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8. “Universalization of education” means organizing educational activities in the way that ensures all citizens of suitable age have access to education and acquire certain qualifications as prescribed by law.

According to Article 14 of the Education Law 2019, the regulations on universalization of education and compulsory education are as follows:

Universalization of education and compulsory education

1. Primary education is compulsory.

The State shall provide the universalization of preschool education to 05-year-old children and provide the universalization of lower secondary education.

2. The State shall be responsible for implementing compulsory education throughout the country; planning and facilitating the universalization of education.

3. All citizens within defined age groups shall have the obligation to learn in order to contribute to the universalization of education and complete the compulsory education programme.

4. Families and guardians shall enable their members in defined age groups to receive education in order to contribute to the universalization of education and complete the compulsory education programme.

Thus, at present, the state has implemented universalization of preschool education for 5-year-old children, universalization of primary education, and universalization of lower secondary education. The state has not implemented universalization of upper secondary education.

Which entities are responsible for the universalization of upper secondary education in Vietnam?

According to Article 89 of the Education Law 2019, the responsibilities of schools are stipulated as follows:

Responsibilities of schools

1. Schools shall be responsible for implementing plans of universalization of education and codes of conduct; actively liaising with families and society to organize or participate in educational activities in compliance with school plans, ensuring the safety of teachers and learners; informing study and training results of students to their parents or guardians.

2. Other regulations related to schools in this Chapter shall be applied to other educational institutions.

According to Article 90 of the Education Law 2019, the responsibilities of families are defined as follows:

Responsibilities of families

1. Parents or guardians shall be responsible for nurturing, educating, and caring, enabling their children or persons under their guardianship to learn, receive universalized education, complete compulsory education, train and participate in school activities; for respecting teachers, preventing disrespect of dignity and honor, and physical assault towards teachers.

2. All family members shall be responsible for creating a cultural family and a favourable environment for comprehensively moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic development of their children; adults are responsible for educating, setting examples for their children, and working with schools to improve quality and efficiency of education.

According to Article 93 of the Education Law 2019, the responsibilities of society are as follows:

Responsibilities of society

1. Agencies, organisations and individuals shall have the following responsibilities:

a) Assisting and cooperating with schools in organizing educational and research activities; facilitating teachers and learners in visits, experiences, practice and scientific research;

b) Contributing to the creation of a safe and healthy educational environment, while preventing activities with possible negative effects on learners;

c) Enabling citizens of suitable age to fulfill learning obligations so as to contribute to the universalization of education, completing compulsory education, with a view to guaranteeing learners healthy recreational, cultural, sporting and athletic activities;

d) Contributing resources for the cause of educational development according to their capacities.

2. The Vietnam Fatherland Front Committee and its member organisations shall be responsible for mobilizing the population to take care of the cause of education.

3. The Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union and the Ho Chi Minh Young Pioneer Organisation shall be responsible for cooperating with schools in educating the youth and children; mobilizing the youth and children to set examples in learning, training and participating in the development of the cause of education.

Thus, schools shall be responsible for implementing plans of universalization of education. Parents or guardians shall be responsible for nurturing, educating, and caring, enabling their children or persons under their guardianship to learn and receive universalized education.

Institutions, organizations, and individuals are responsible for enabling citizens of suitable age to fulfill learning obligations so as to contribute to the universalization of education.

Has the State implemented universalization of upper secondary education in Vietnam? Which entities are responsible for the universalization of upper secondary education in Vietnam? (Image from Internet)

What are the regulations on the funding for universalization of education in Vietnam?

Pursuant to Article 7 of Circular 07/2016/TT-BGDDT, the regulations on the funding for universalization of education in Vietnam are as follows:

- The funding for universalization of education and eradication of illiteracy is funded with the annual State budget which varies from areas to areas and lawful contributions of domestic and overseas entities.

- The allocation and amount of funding for universalization of education and eradication of illiteracy shall be conformable to the State's current regulations. Under regulations on financial management and the funding from the State budget, the People’s Committee of the province shall request the People’s Council to issue detailed regulations on allocation of funding for universalization of education and eradication of illiteracy according to the reality.

- The estimation and finalization of funding shall be carried out in accordance with Circular No. 59/2003/TT-BTC dated June 23, 2003 by the Ministry of Finance guiding the application of the Law on the State budget and current regulations on financial management.