Which major event in China is associated with December 1978? What is the integration of content for the History section at the lower secondary level in Vietnam?

Which major event in China is associated with December 1978?

The 3rd Plenum of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China took place in Beijing from December 18 to December 22, 1978. During this meeting, Deng Xiaoping initiated the policy of Reform and Opening-Up aimed at economic renewal, leading China out of stagnation and promoting the development of industry, agriculture, and international trade.

Thus, December 1978 is associated with a significant event in Chinese history when Deng Xiaoping initiated and led the policy of Reform and Opening-Up to renew China's economy.

The Reform and Opening-Up policy is of immense significance to China, creating profound and comprehensive changes in various sectors as follows:

(1) Strong Economic Development

- Economic Transition: China transformed from a centrally planned economy to a socialist market economy.

- Rapid Growth: China achieved high economic growth rates continuously for decades, making the country the world's second-largest economy after the United States.

- Poverty Reduction: Hundreds of millions of people escaped poverty, and the living standards of the people improved markedly.

(2) Opening Up for International Integration

- Attracting Foreign Investment: Establishing special economic zones like Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Shantou, which attracted significant foreign capital.

- Promoting International Trade: China became the world's factory and the leading goods exporter.

- Joining the WTO: In 2001, China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO), marking a deep integration into the global economy.

(3) Modernization of the Country

- Rapid Industrialization and Urbanization: Development of infrastructure, industrial zones, and modern transport systems.

- Agricultural Reform: The household contract responsibility system increased agricultural productivity and output.

- Science and Technology Development: China made significant investments in research and development, becoming a leader in many technological fields such as 5G, artificial intelligence, and space exploration.

(4) Social and Political Stability

- Enhancing People's Living Standards: Improving living conditions for billions of people, thereby strengthening confidence in the leadership of the Communist Party of China.

- Creating Conditions for Political Stability: Economic development helped minimize social instability and promoted the goal of building a "moderately prosperous society."

(5) International Influence

- Becoming a Global Power: From a developing nation to a major economic powerhouse, China gained significant influence internationally.

- New Development Model: This policy introduced a development model combining a market economy with the leadership of the Communist Party, influencing other nations.

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Which major event in China is associated with December 1978? What is the integration of content for the History section at the lower secondary level in Vietnam? (Image from the Internet)

What is the integration of content for the History section at the lower secondary level in Vietnam?

According to sub-section 5, section VIII of the Curriculum for History and Geography subjects issued with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT on the integration of content for the History section at the lower secondary level in Vietnam:

- Integration of content means integrating content from the same subject based on specific themes, chapters, and lessons. This involves systematic arrangements according to each knowledge block to highlight the central theme of the subject content. Integration of content reflects in the curriculum structure ensuring the ease of systematic knowledge acquisition.

- Integration of contention for History demonstrates the relationship between the nature of historical science and the priorities in history education. The consistent theme of the History curriculum at the lower secondary level is diachronic (time), thus, each historical period is designed according to the model: world history - regional history - Vietnamese history - local history, with Vietnamese history as the focal point.

- In Grade 6, students learn about world and Vietnamese history from prehistory to ancient times; in Grade 7, about world and Vietnamese history from ancient times to the medieval period; in Grade 8, about world and Vietnamese history from the medieval to the modern period; and in Grade 9, about world and Vietnamese history of the contemporary period.

- Placing Vietnamese history within the context of world and regional history at certain historical ages and periods helps students understand deeply national history and accurately perceive Vietnam's position in human history, the contributions of the Vietnamese nation to societal progress, thereby building national pride and a justified national consciousness. The curriculum structure also facilitates tying local history with national history and integrating military, political, diplomatic, economic, and cultural history.

What are the objectives of the History and Geography curricula at the lower secondary level in Vietnam?

Under section 3 of the General education program for History and Geography issued with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT, the objectives of developing the History and Geography curricula at the lower secondary level in Vietnam are specified as follows:

- The History and Geography curricula at the lower secondary level contribute to forming and developing in students essential qualities and general competencies, alongside other subjects and educational activities.

- The History and Geography curricula at the lower secondary level aim to form and develop in students the competencies in history and geography founded on basic, selected knowledge about the world's, national, and local history and geography; the natural, socioeconomic, and cultural processes occurring in space and time; the interaction between human society and the natural environment.

Enable students to learn how to use the tools of historical and geographical sciences for learning and application in practice; furthermore, contribute along with other subjects and educational activities to forming and developing in students essential qualities and general competencies, particularly the love for their homeland and country, pride in national traditions, respect for the diversity of world history and human culture, inspiring students to explore the surrounding world and apply what they have learned in reality.