What are the similarities and differences between the Geneva Agreement and the Paris Agreement? What are the objectives of History curricula in Vietnam?

What are the similarities and differences between the Geneva Agreement and the Paris Agreement?

The similarities and differences between the Geneva Agreement (1954) and the Paris Agreement (1972) are outlined as follows:

* Similarities:

- Same goal: End the war, restore peace in the territory of Vietnam;

- Through both agreements, our country was recognized as independent, sovereign, unified, and having territorial integrity;

- Both were undermined by the U.S. and their puppet governments, leading to the continuation of the war;

- Represented a temporary victory but provided an important foundation for total victory later on.

* Differences:

Note: The content is for reference only./.

What are the similarities and differences between the Geneva Agreement and the Paris Agreement? What are the objectives of History curricula in Vietnam? (Image from the Internet)

What are the objectives of History curricula in Vietnam?

Under Section III of the General Education Program for History issued along with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT as amended and supplemented by Article 2 Circular 13/2022/TT-BGDDT, the objectives of History curricula in Vietnam are defined as follows:

- The History curriculum assists students in developing historical competence, a manifestation of scientific competence already formed at the secondary school level;

- The History curriculum contributes to educating the spirit of nationalism, patriotism, the good traditional values of the nation, and the cultural essence of humanity; the qualities and competencies of Vietnamese citizens, global citizens in line with the developmental trend of the era;

- The History curriculum helped students approach and clearly understand the role and characteristics of historical science as well as the connection between history and other scientific fields and professions, laying a foundation for students to orient their future careers.

What are the national and humanistic perspectives in developing the History curriculum in Vietnam?

Under section II of the general education program for History promulgated with Circular 32/2018/TT-BGDDT amended by Article 2 Circular 13/2022/TT-BGDDT, the national and humanistic perspectives in developing the History curriculum in Vietnam are as follows:

The History curriculum helps students correctly perceive the nation’s traditional values, forming and developing the good qualities of Vietnamese people and the universal values of global citizens. To be specific:

- The History curriculum helps students have correct perceptions of patriotism and genuine, progressive nationalism of the Vietnamese people, the position of the nation-state in the region and the world in historical periods, aiming to build genuine national pride, recognizing both strengths and limitations in the nation’s historical legacies;

- The History curriculum helps students form and develop humanistic values, and community spirit, against social, cultural, ethnic, and religious prejudices and discrimination; aiming towards tolerance, kindness, respect for differences, and equality among nations, communities, genders and social groups; aspiring for peace, reconciliation, harmony, and cooperation;

- The History curriculum helps students adopt a correct and positive attitude towards issues of natural resource, nature, and environmental protection, aiming for sustainable development and the struggle for a peaceful, progressive, transparent, just, and civilized world.