What are the guidelines for analysis of the poem "Tự tình 3"? How many semesters is the duration of teaching subjects in vocational education and training institutions at the upper secondary level in Vietnam?
What are the guidelines for analysis of the poem "Tự tình 3"?
The poem "Tự tình 3" by Ho Xuan Huong expresses the deep sorrow and indignation of a woman in a feudal society, where harsh traditions and injustices have buried many aspirations for happiness. To analyze the poem "Tự tình 3", it is essential to focus on clarifying the dominant emotions, unique poetic imagery, and profound human values that Ho Xuan Huong has conveyed.
Students may refer to the following sample analysis of the poem "Tự tình 3":
| Ho Xuan Huong is one of the most talented and renowned poets in Vietnamese literature, honored as "The Queen of Nom Poetry." Her works are a decisive voice fighting for happiness, aspirations, destiny, affirmation, and elevating the beauty and strong consciousness of women in ancient Xuan Huong and herself. "Tu Tinh III" successfully reflects her inner emotions about love and destiny. The poem begins with the image of "chiec bach" filled with deep sorrow:
"Chiếc bách buồn vì phận nổi nênh Giữa dòng ngao ngán nỗi lênh đênh" "Chiec bach" is derived from "bach chau" — a piece of a boat, metaphorically referring to a widow and personified through the word "buon" to express the sadness, melancholy, and shame about the precarious fate of the poet. While Tu Tinh I opens with the crowing of a rooster in a quiet, lonely night, and Tu Tinh II with the sound of the drums adding to the loneliness, urgency, in Tu Tinh III, the image of a small, isolated boat symbolizes a woman adrift in the vast, boundless life like the sea, reminiscent of the verse "Bảy nổi ba chìm với nước non" from the poem "Banh Troi Nuoc." The word "ngao ngan" depicts a deep-seated feeling of despair and melancholy, knowing that despite her struggles, nothing will change, only to be carried away by the currents, uncertain of her future. The subsequent two verses depict the arduous journey of life with: "Lưng khoang tình nghĩa dường lai láng Nửa mạn phong ba luống bập bềnh" In her youth, Xuan Huong was a beautiful woman with intelligence and wit, reflected indirectly through verses: "Than em vua trang lai vua tron," "Hai hang chan ngoc duoi song song," "Gai uon lung ong ngua ngua long." However, as the saying goes "Hong nhan bac menh" (Beauty is often accompanied by a tough fate), her life was already unstable, and her love life unfulfilled, marrying into subordinate roles twice and becoming widowed early. These verses are to be understood both literally and metaphorically. Literally, "lung khoang" (the middle of the boat) remains spacious, yet the fierce, relentless waves from outside keep crashing into the boat's sides. Metaphorically, in Xuan Huong's heart, the spouse's love remains abundant and deep, but fate refuses to let her go. Life's storms continue to besiege, threatening and robbing her last peace and happiness, leaving her adrift in anxiety and sadness in life's currents. "Nua man" implies that happiness just arrives only to depart, like sea foam — seemingly within grasp but dissolving rapidly. Despite her yearning for calm, life's gales persistently disrupt, leaving women waiting endlessly, only to face disappointment and solitude. Exhausted from enduring immense pain and injustice, the poet decides to let go of everything: "Cầm lái mặc ai lăm đỗ bến Dong lèo thây kẻ rắp xuôi ghềnh" The poet employs symmetrical art ("cam lai"... "Dong leo", "mac ai"... "Thay ke", "lam do ben"... "Rap xuoi ghenh") paired with the verbs "mac" and "thay" to convey the character's resignation and helplessness. The boat, initially adrift with the current, now becomes subject to others' control. It is an inanimate object, and if someone intends to steer it upstream or anchor it, the woman remains indifferent, knowing resistance changes nothing as her fate rests entirely in others' hands. To end the poem, the author writes:"Ấy ai thăm ván cam lòng vậy Ngán nỗi ôm đàn những tấp tênh" "Tham van" originates from "Tham van ban thuyen," describing someone who quickly changes loyalty, eager to discard the old as soon as they find a better option (a new boat plank). Amidst an endless sea, Xuan Huong questions herself about who might come to her (tham van)? If that happens, she resignedly accepts. Even if women live sentimentally and faithfully, "still keeping a pure heart," it remains largely futile. Thus, they decide to embrace new beginnings, but life continues "tap tenh," without change or hope. Verbs like "cam long" and "ngan" reflect acceptance, resignation, and disillusionment over the "unfortunate fate" of the poet.In summary, the work "Tu Tinh 3" achieved notable success in both content and artistry. Poetically, the poet skillfully employs the seven-seven-syllable Tang verse using the Nom script, offering both novelty and familiarity to Vietnamese people, with vivid language, rich in imagery and emotion, utilizing metaphors, personification, antithesis, repetitious words, and rhyming schemes. The content bears profound human values, condemning the cruel and oppressive feudal patriarchal society brimming with injustices while also echoing the women's sentiment of resignation, acceptance, and sorrowful indignation against life's adversities. Behind these tragedies lies a yearning for freedom, happiness, and love from Ho Xuan Huong particularly and women in feudal society generally. |
Note: The content is for reference only.
What are the guidelines for analysis of the poem "Tự tình 3"? How many semesters is the duration of teaching subjects in vocational education and training institutions at the upper secondary level in Vietnam? (Picture from the Internet)
How many semesters is the duration of teaching subjects in vocational education and training institutions at the upper secondary level in Vietnam?
Under Article 9 of Circular 15/2022/TT-BGDDT:
Organization of teaching
1. Each subject will have a separate class, each class must not exceed 45 students.
2. Each subject will be for a duration of 03 (three) semesters. The head of the vocational education and training instution will decide the division of semesters and develop a teaching plan ensuring full knowledge, requirements to be met and teaching duration of the subject.
3. A number of the main teaching forms includes learning theory, doing exercises, practicing, experimenting, doing learning projects, experiencing, participating in collective activities, clubs, community service activities.
4. Implement active teaching and learning methods in order to promote the initiative and positivity of learners; focus on training learners in self-study methods according to teaching and learning requirements for developing quality and capacity.
Thus, the duration of teaching each subject in vocational education and training institutions at the upper secondary level in Vietnam is 03 semesters.
What are the regulations on the regular assessment of students in vocational education and training institutions at the upper secondary level in Vietnam?
Under Clause 2, Article 10 of Circular 15/2022/TT-BGDDT regulating the regular assessment of students in vocational education and training institutions at the upper secondary level in Vietnam:
1) Regular assessment shall be carried out through question-answer, writing, presentation, practice, experiment and learning products.
2) For a subject, regular assessment point (abbreviated to “DDGtx”) of each semester is as follows:
- The subject of which the teaching duration is 168 periods or higher has 01 regular assessment point.
- The subject of which the teaching duration is 252 periods has 02 regular assessment points.
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